Table 3 Model fit indices of the CFA analyses in the longitudinal validation sample

COVID-19 contamination anxiety

0.996

0.039

1.000

< 0.001

COVID-19 hygiene measures

0.924

0.069

1.000

< 0.001

COVID-19 social distancing

1.000

< 0.001

0.979

0.061

COVID-19 anxiety buying

0.951

0.081

0.991

0.056

COVID-19 political restrictions

0.993

0.045

0.955

0.107

COVID-19 solidarity-based behaviours

0.988

0.037

1.000

< 0.001

COVID-19 mental health subscale

0.938

0.038

0.994

0.011

COVID-19 positive coping

0.979

0.049

0.965

0.066

COVID-19 institutional & political trust

0.931

0.138

0.997

0.027

COVID-19 conspiracy beliefs

0.924

0.069

0.880

0.119

COVID-19 social cohesion

1.000

< 0.001

n.a.

n.a.