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Table 3 Estimated difference in each outcome variable between no depression and depression (in December 2019) at each timepoint, and differences in rate of change over time. Results stratified by country are available from the corresponding author

From: Investigating the impact of COVID-19 lockdown on adults with a recent history of recurrent major depressive disorder: a multi-Centre study using remote measurement technology

 

Pre-lockdown estimate

During-lockdown estimate

Post-lockdown estimate

Evidence for a difference in the rate of change between pre- and during-lockdown. (Interaction p-value)

Evidence for a difference in the rate of change between during- and post-lockdown. (Interaction p-value)

n = 252

(mean PHQ-8 score difference, 95% CI)

(mean PHQ-8 score difference, 95% CI)

(mean PHQ-8 score difference, 95% CI)

  

No Depression

Reference group

–

–

–

–

Depression

9.33 (8.32 to 10.34)

8.47 (7.21 to 9.73)

7.83 (6.70 to 8.96)

0.047

0.112

n = 252

(mean RSES score difference, 95% CI)

(mean RSES score difference, 95% CI)

(mean RSES score difference, 95% CI)

  

No Depression

Reference group

–

–

–

–

Depression

−1.09 (− 1.46 to −0.72)

− 1.43 (− 1.85 to − 1.05)

− 1.31 (− 1.69 to − 0.92)

0.045

0.461

n = 240

(mean sleep duration difference, 95% CI)

(mean sleep duration difference, 95% CI)

(mean sleep duration difference, 95% CI)

  

No Depression

Reference group

–

–

–

–

Depression

−10.48 (−28.38 to 7.41)

−32.98 (−53.32 to − 12.64)

−28.26 (−50.67 to −5.85)

< 0.001

0.458