Table 2 Documented frequency of patients experiencing one or more AEs by category and admitted to psychiatry service while being boarded in emergency departments in Calgary
From: Exploring the experience of boarded psychiatric patients in adult emergency departments
Frequency of AE during boarding | |
|---|---|
Mechanical restraint application | 1 (0.5%) |
Environmental restraint application (i.e. locked door) | 24 (12%) |
Chemical restraint (CR) application | 28 (14%) |
Protective Services standby during CR | 13 (6.5%) |
Protective Services physical restraint during CR | 8 (4%) |
Chemical sedation (e.g. for anxiety) | 55 (27.5%) |
Types of medications administered* | |
Benzodiazepine | 68 (34%) |
Ativan | 62 (31%) |
Diazepam | 3 (1.5%) |
Clonazepam | 3 (1.5%) |
Quetiapine | 14 (7%) |
Haloperidol | 18 (9%) |
Olanzapine | 11 (5.5%) |
Risperidone | 5 (2.5%) |
Loxapine | 1 (0.5%) |
Zuclopenthixol | 2 (1%) |
Chlordiazepoxide | 0 (0%) |
Haldol+Ativan intramuscular | 7 (3.5%) |
Protective Services personnel intervention | 33 (16.5%) |
Verbal intervention | 25 (12.5%) |
Physical restraint (no chemical restraint) | 8 (4%) |
Non-security personnel verbal intervention | 41 (20.5%) |
Clinical staff verbally assaulted by patient | 8 (4%) |
Clinical staff physically assaulted by patient | 4 (2%) |
Elopement attempted one or more times | 7 (3.5%) |
Self-harm or self-harm attempt one or more times | 1 (0.5%) |
Increasing agitation, anxiety, or severity of behavior | 76 (38%) |
Removal of personal belongings or comfort items | 21 (10.5%) |
Sleep problems | 43 (21.5%) |
Inappropriate use of substances in ED room | 3 (1.5%) |
First Formal Certification (Form 1) in ED | 24 (12%) |
Left AMA | 4 (2%) |