Table 1 Sociodemographic, sentence, prison, family history and QRISK2 variables with caseness for depression and anxiety
PHQ-9 | GAD-7 | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
< 10 (N = 752) | ≥10 to < 15 (N = 204) | ≥15 (N = 249) | p-value | < 10 (N = 827) | ≥10 to < 15 (N = 161) | ≥15 (N = 217) | p-value | |
Age Mean (sd) | 44.4(8.1) | 43.6 (6.7) | 42.2 (5.8) | < 0.001 | 45.9 (8.5) | 42.7 (6.3) | 43.1 (7.0) | < 0.001 |
Missing | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
Ethnicity | 0.608 | 0.251 | ||||||
White | 604 (80.6) | 171 (83.8) | 212 (85.5) | 673 (81.7) | 131 (81.9) | 183 (84.3) | ||
Black | 31 (4.1) | 8 (3.9) | 7 (2.8) | 29 (3.5) | 11 (6.9) | 6 (2.8) | ||
Asian | 49 (6.5) | 9 (4.4) | 10 (4.0) | 53 (6.4) | 6 (3.8) | 9 (4.2) | ||
Mixed/ Other | 65 (8.7) | 16 (7.5) | 19 (7.7) | 69 (8.4) | 12 (7.5) | 19 (8.8) | ||
Missing | 3 | 0 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 0 | ||
Sentence Length (Years) | 0.046 | 0.005 | ||||||
< 1 | 142 (30.9) | 33 (28.0) | 51 (35.2) | 143 (28.0) | 47 (48.5) | 37 (31.9) | ||
1–2 | 76 (16.5) | 35 (29.7) | 33 (22.8) | 99 (19.4) | 14 (14.4) | 31 (26.7) | ||
2–3 | 53 (11.5) | 12 (10.2) | 11 (7.6) | 61 (11.9) | 6 (6.2) | 9 (7.8) | ||
3–4 | 41 (8.9) | 7 (5.9) | 7 (4.8) | 42 (8.2) | 5 (5.2) | 8 (6.9) | ||
4+ | 148 (32.2) | 31 (26.3) | 43 (29.7) | 166 (32.5) | 25 (25.8) | 31 (26.7) | ||
Missing | 292 | 86 | 104 | 316 | 64 | 101 | ||
IMD | 0.311 | 0.299 | ||||||
1–2 | 201 (27.4) | 52 (26.5) | 87 (35.7) | 221 (27.5) | 49 (31.4) | 70 (32.9) | ||
3–4 | 123 (16.8) | 34 (17.4) | 49 (20.1) | 136 (16.9) | 25 (16.0) | 45 (21.1) | ||
5–6 | 53 (7.2) | 15 (7.7) | 16 (6.6) | 55 (6.8) | 14 (9.0) | 15 (7.0) | ||
7–8 | 62 (8.5) | 17 (8.7) | 15 (6.2) | 67 (8.3) | 9 (5.8) | 18 (8.5) | ||
9–10 | 26 (3.6) | 5 (2.6) | 6 (2.5) | 30 (3.7) | 3 (1.9) | 4 (1.9) | ||
No fixed address | 268 (36.6) | 73 (37.2) | 71 (29.1) | 295 (36.7) | 56 (35.9) | 61 (28.6) | ||
Missing | 19 | 8 | 5 | 23 | 5 | 4 | ||
Prison | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||||||
A, life sentence | 15 (2.0) | 2 (1.0) | 8 (3.2) | 18 (2.2) | 0 (0.0) | 7 (3.2) | ||
B, remand prison | 212 (28.2) | 58 (28.4) | 38 (15.3) | 191 (23.1) | 50 (31.1) | 32 (14.8) | ||
C, medium term | 74 (9.8) | 11 (5.4) | 11 (4.4) | 76 (9.2) | 10 (6.2) | 9 (4.2) | ||
D, remand prison | 163 (21.7) | 43 (21.1) | 105 (42.2) | 218 (26.4) | 63 (39.1) | 107 (49.3) | ||
E, < 6 months to parole | 103 (13.7) | 53 (26.0) | 59 (23.7) | 122 (14.8) | 20 (12.4) | 35 (16.1) | ||
F, sex offenders | 185 (24.6) | 37 (18.1) | 28 (11.2) | 201 (24.3) | 18 (11.2) | 27 (12.4) | ||
Missing | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
Family History | < 0.001 | 0.112 | ||||||
Yes | 343 (48.8) | 66 (35.1) | 89 (39.2) | 410 (53.4) | 91 (61.1) | 119 (59.2) | ||
No | 360 (51.2) | 122 (64.9) | 138 (60.8) | 358 (46.6) | 58 (38.9) | 82 (40.8) | ||
Missing | 49 | 16 | 22 | 59 | 12 | 16 | ||
Smoking status | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||||||
Yes | 593 (78.9) | 27 (86.8) | 19 (92.4) | 658 (79.6) | 143 (88.8) | 199 (91.7) | ||
No | 159 (21.1) | 177 (13.2) | 230 (7.6) | 169 (20.4) | 18 (11.2) | 18 (8.3) | ||
Missing | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
Alcohol consumption Median (IQR) | 3 (0.0–8.0) | 5 (0.0–13.0) | 4 (0.0–18.3) | < 0.001 | 3 (0.0–8.3) | 4 (0.0–17.0) | 4 (0.0–19.3) | 0.002 |
Missing | 8 | 1 | 1 | 7 | 2 | 3 | ||
Height (M) Mean (sd) | 1.76 (0.1) | 1.77 (0.1) | 1.78 (0.1) | 0.036 | 1.77 (0.1) | 1.76 (0.1) | 1.78 (0.1) | 0.197 |
Missing | 5 | 2 | 2 | 6 | 2 | 1 | ||
Weight (kg) Mean (sd) | 84.37 (15.3) | 84.40 (17.2) | 81.87 (16.2) | 0.048 | 84.60 (15.5) | 82.49 (16.0) | 82.03 (16.7) | 0.018 |
Missing | 2 | 2 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | ||
BMI | 0.046 | 0.045 | ||||||
< 25 | 275 (36.6) | 83 (41.1) | 116 (47.0) | 303 (36.8) | 67 (41.9) | 104 (48.1) | ||
≥25 < 30 | 304 (40.5) | 70 (34.7) | 84 (34.0) | 328 (39.8) | 59 (36.9) | 71 (32.9) | ||
≥30 | 172 (22.9) | 49 (24.3) | 47 (19.0) | 193 (23.4) | 34 (21.2) | 41 (19.0) | ||
Missing | 1 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 1 | ||
Waist (cm) Mean (sd) | 93.71 (12.0) | 94.42 (13.0) | 91.20 (11.6) | 0.020 | 94.23 (12.0) | 91.00 (11.5) | 91.78 (12.0) | 0.002 |
Missing | 59 | 15 | 10 | 65 | 8 | 11 | ||
QRISK2 Score | 0.015 | 0.008 | ||||||
< 10% | 668 (88.8) | 177 (86.8) | 235 (94.4) | 730 (88.3) | 143 (88.8) | 207 (95.4) | ||
≥10% | 84 (11.2) | 27 (13.3) | 14 (5.6) | 97 (11.70) | 18 (11.2) | 10 (4.6) | ||
Missing | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
Exercise status | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||||||
Active | 318 (44.6) | 74 (38.0) | 56 (23.1) | 346 (44.2) | 46 (29.7) | 56 (26.3) | ||
Moderately active | 132 (18.5) | 31 (15.9) | 39 (16.1) | 139 (17.8) | 28 (18.1) | 35 (16.4) | ||
Moderately inactive | 93 (13.0) | 22 (11.3) | 38 (15.6) | 101 (12.9) | 19 (12.3) | 33 (15.5) | ||
Inactive | 170 (23.8) | 68 (34.9) | 110 (45.3) | 197 (25.2) | 62 (40.0) | 89 (41.8) | ||
Missing | 39 | 9 | 6 | 20 | 6 | 28 | ||
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) Mean (sd) | 77.60 (11.6) | 78.19 (10.8) | 78.18 (11.6) | 0.428 | 77.87 (11.6) | 77.62 (11.1) | 77.79 (11.2) | 0.883 |
Missing | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) Mean (sd) | 126.40 (15.1) | 125.45 (14.8) | 124.14 (16.8) | 0.043 | 126.05 (15.3) | 126.66 (15.0) | 124.08 (16.1) | 0.157 |
Missing | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | ||
Serum creatinine (umol/L) Mean (sd) | 80.95 (12.5) | 80.38 (11.6) | 77.74 (12.2) | 0.026 | 80.64 (12.3) | 80.70 (12.9) | 77.98 (12.0) | 0.100 |
Missing | 426 | 125 | 145 | 456 | 107 | 133 | ||
HbA1c mmol/mol Mean (sd) | 37.06 (8.4) | 37.84 (9.0) | 36.13 (4.6) | 0.607 | 37.14 (8.3) | 38.17 (9.8) | 35.65 (4.5) | 0.356 |
Missing | 489 | 137 | 186 | 196 | 121 | 497 | ||
HDL cholesterol (mmol/L) Mean (sd) | 1.20 (0.3) | 1.16 (0.3) | 1.17 (0.3) | 0.380 | 1.19 (0.3) | 1.19 (0.4) | 1.16 (0.2) | 0.545 |
Missing | 454 | 126 | 164 | 486 | 114 | 144 | ||
Plasma glucose level (mmol/L) Mean (sd) | 5.04 (1.0) | 5.16 (0.8) | 5.12 (0.7) | 0.508 | 5.02 (0.7) | 5.50 (1.9) | 5.06 (0.8) | 0.464 |
Missing | 612 | 176 | 199 | 669 | 140 | 178 | ||