Factor structure and measurement invariance of the Chinese version of the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression (CES-D) scale among undergraduates and clinical patients

Table 6 Measurement invariance of the CESD across gender

Model	χ²	df	CFI	TLI	RMSEA(90%CI)	ΔCFI	ΔTLI	ΔRMSEA
undergraduate sample
Model 1	1224.497	320	0.944	0.934	0.043(0.040,0.045)	–	–	–
Model 2	1247.502	335	0.944	0.936	0.042(0.039,0.044)	0.000	0.002	−0.001
Model 3	1353.658	350	0.938	0.933	0.043(0.041,0.045)	−0.006	− 0.003	0.001
Model 4	1374.808	370	0.938	0.936	0.042(0.040,0.044)	0.000	0.003	−0.001
clinical sample
Model 1	722.652	320	0.956	0.948	0.079(0.071,0.086)	–	–	–
Model 2	723.161	334	0.958	0.952	0.076(0.068,0.083)	0.002	0.004	−0.003
Model 3	795.027	370	0.954	0.953	0.075(0.068,0.082)	−0.004	0.001	−0.001
Model 4	760.657	390	0.960	0.961	0.068(0.061,0.076)	0.006	0.008	−0.007

Note: Model 1: morphological invariance; Model 2: metric invariance; Model 3: strong invariance; Model 4: strict invariance

ISSN: 1471-244X