Table 2 Description and comparison of socio-demographic and clinical characteristics by accommodation
From: Associations of living arrangements with symptoms and functioning in schizophrenia
Variables | Mean (SD) or n (%) | Comparisons (Owned vs. Rehabilitation/ Rental accommodation) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
All | Owned accommodation | Rehabilitation/ Rental accommodation | Rental accommodation | Rehabilitation centres | ||
Accommodation | 276 (100%) | 195 (70.65%) | 81 (29.35%) | 40 (14.49%) | 41 (14.86%) | Â |
Living arrangements | χ2(3) = 136.467, p < 0.001 | |||||
 Spouse | 33 (11.96%) | 27 (13.85%) | 6 (7.41%) | 6 (15.00%) | – |  |
 Family | 185 (67.03%) | 162 (83.08%) | 23 (28.40%) | 23 (57.50%) | – |  |
 Independent | 17 (6.16%) | 6 (3.08%) | 11 (13.58%) | 11 (27.50%) | – |  |
 Rehabilitation centres | 41 (14.86%) | – | 41 (50.62%) | – | 41 (100.00%) |  |
Sex (Male) | 152 (55.07%) | 107 (54.87%) | 45 (55.56%) | 22 (55.00%) | 23 (56.10%) | χ2(1) = 0.011, p = 0.917 |
Age, years | 40.42 (10.14) | 39.95 (9.93) | 41.56 (10.60) | 40.42 (10.19) | 42.66 (11.01) | t(274) = 1.200, p = 0.231 |
 20–29 | 46 (16.67%) | 32 (69.57%) | 14 (30.43%) | 6 (13.04%) | 8 (17.39%) | χ2 (4) = 3.734, p = 0.443 |
 30–39 | 86 (31.16%) | 63 (73.26%) | 23 (26.74%) | 14 (16.28%) | 9 (10.47%) |  |
 40–49 | 83 (30.07%) | 62 (74.40%) | 21 (25.30%) | 9 (10.84%) | 12 (14.46%) |  |
 50–59 | 53 (19.20%) | 32 (60.38%) | 21 (39.62%) | 11 (20.75%) | 10 (18.87%) |  |
 60–69 | 8 (2.90%) | 6 (75.00%) | 2 (25.00%) | 0 (0.00%) | 2 (25.00%) |  |
Age of onset of illness, years | 23.11 (6.50) | 22.79 (6.54) | 23.85 (6.36) | 23.03 (5.52) | 24.66 (7.06) | U = 6991.5, z = −1.503, p = 0.133 |
Ethnicity1 | χ2(2) = 8.377, p = 0.015 | |||||
 Chinese | 233 (84.73%) | 173 (74.25%) | 60 (25.75%) | 31 (13.30%) | 29 (12.45%) |  |
 Malay | 20 (7.27%) | 11 (55.00%) | 9 (45.00%) | 3 (15.00%) | 6 (30.00%) |  |
 Indian | 22 (8.00%) | 11 (50.00%) | 11 (50.00%) | 5 (22.73%) | 6 (27.27%) |  |
Education, years | 13.17 (3.12) | 13.75 (2.99) | 11.77 (2.98) | 11.29 (2.67) | 12.23 (3.21) | t(274) = −5.009, p < 0.001 |
Smoking status2 | χ2(2) = 19.321, p < 0.001 | |||||
 Current smoker | 60 (21.98%) | 29 (14.95%) | 31 (39.24%) | 20 (51.28%) | 11 (27.50%) | χ2(1) = 19.319, p < 0.001 4 |
 Ex-smoker | 36 (13.19%) | 28 (14.43%) | 8 (10.13%) | 4 (10.26%) | 4 (10.00%) | χ2(4) = 26.164, p < 0.001 5 |
 Non-smoker | 177 (64.84%) | 137 (70.62%) | 40 (50.63%) | 15 (38.46%) | 25 (62.50%) |  |
Employed | 127 (46.01%) | 95 (48.72%) | 32 (39.51%) | 21 (52.50%) | 11 (26.83%) | χ2(1) = 1.955, p = 0.162 |
Physical comorbidity | 178 (64.49%) | 124 (63.59%) | 54 (66.67%) | 26 (65.00%) | 28 (68.29%) | χ2(1) = 0.237, p = 0.627 |
Antipsychotic dose*, mg | 461.67 (406.25) | 435.18 (390.66) | 525.47 (437.49) | 494.15 (480.54) | 556.02 (394.61) | U = 7000.5, z = −1.487, p = 0.137 |
Illness exacerbation | 2.98 (1.48) | 2.85 (1.47) | 3.29 (1.44) | 3.20 (1.52) | 3.39 (1.37) | U = 6256.0, z = −2.282, p = 0.022 |
SOFAS | 55.51 (11.20) | 55.73 (11.45) | 54.99 (10.67) | 56.08 (13.39) | 53.95 (7.25) | t(241) = −0.478, p = 0.633 |
PANSS Total | 58.11 (12.88) | 57.96 (13.43) | 58.46 (11.53) | 58.60 (12.54) | 58.32 (10.62) | U = 7467.5, z = −0.583, p = 0.560 |
PANSS Positive | 8.31 (4.35) | 8.31 (4.47) | 8.30 (4.10) | 7.93 (3.92) | 8.66 (4.28) | U = 7634.5, z = −0.307, p = 0.759 |
PANSS Negative | 11.28 (4.05) | 11.34 (4.00) | 11.16 (4.18) | 11.20 (3.98) | 11.12 (4.42) | U = 8100.0, z = − 0.475, p = 0.635 |
PANSS Excitement | 4.60 (2.06) | 4.59 (2.08) | 4.62 (2.00) | 5.10 (2.22) | 4.15 (1.65) | U = 7614.5, z = −0.361, p = 0.718 |
PANSS Depression | 5.60 (2.50) | 5.56 (2.52) | 5.70 (2.46) | 6.00 (2.68) | 5.41 (2.21) | U = 7499.0, z = −0.542, p = 0.588 |
PANSS Cognition | 4.34 (1.64) | 4.24 (1.60) | 4.57 (1.72) | 4.60 (1.79) | 4.54 (1.66) | U = 7007.0, z = −1.381, p = 0.167 |
Symptomatic remission3 | 76 (27.74%) | 56 (29.02%) | 20 (24.69%) | 13 (32.50%) | 7 (17.07%) | χ2(1) = 0.532, p = 0.466 |