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Table 2 Cognitive assessment by MMSE and MoCA by sociodemographic and health-related factors in study population

From: A comparison of the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) with the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) for mild cognitive impairment screening in Chinese middle-aged and older population: a cross-sectional study

 

N (%)

Score of cognitive assessment

 

Positive screening for MCI

 

MMSE

p-value

MoCA

p-value

MMSE

MoCA

mean ± SD

P50 (P25, P75)

mean ± SD

P50 (P25, P75)

n (%)

p-value

n (%)

p-value

Age group (years)

   

< 0.0001

  

< 0.0001

 

< 0.0001

 

< 0.0001

 55–64

2042 (41.5)

26.5 ± 4.1

28 (25, 30)

 

23.8 ± 5.5

25 (20, 29)

 

496 (24.3)

 

650 (31.8)

 

 65–74

2004 (40.7)

25.5 ± 4.7

27 (23, 29)

 

22.5 ± 5.9

23 (19, 27)

 

550 (27.5)

 

708 (35.3)

 

 75-

877 (17.8)

23.2 ± 6.0

24 (20, 28)

 

20.0 ± 6.8

21 (15, 25)

 

363 (41.4)

 

423 (48.2)

 

Gender

   

< 0.0001

  

< 0.0001

 

0.1478

 

0.5845

 male

2162 (43.9)

26.0 ± 4.3

27 (24, 29)

 

23.2 ± 5.5

24 (20, 28)

 

596 (27.6)

 

773 (35.8)

 

 female

2761 (56.1)

25.1 ± 5.2

27 (22, 29)

 

22.1 ± 6.5

23 (18, 28)

 

813 (29.5)

 

1008 (36.5)

 

Educational level

   

< 0.0001

  

< 0.0001

 

0.1124

 

0.0004

 below elementary school

1554 (31.6)

23.0 ± 5.9

24 (19, 28)

 

19.4 ± 7.0

20 (14, 25)

 

521 (33.5)

 

545 (35.1)

 

 elementary school

1211 (24.6)

25.8 ± 4.3

27 (24, 29)

 

22.6 ± 5.5

23 (19, 27)

 

228 (18.8)

 

340 (28.1)

 

 middle school

1262 (25.6)

26.9 ± 3.4

28 (25, 29)

 

24.5 ± 4.7

25 (21, 29)

 

425 (33.7)

 

572 (45.3)

 

 high school and above

896 (18.2)

27.5 ± 3.1

29 (26, 30)

 

25.5 ± 4.0

26 (23, 29)

 

235 (26.2)

 

324 (36.2)

 

Current employment

   

< 0.0001

  

< 0.0001

 

0.0046

 

0.0009

 yes

849 (17.3)

26.2 ± 4.4

28 (25, 29)

 

23.6 ± 5.8

25 (20, 28)

 

209 (24.6)

 

265 (31.2)

 

 no

4074 (82.8)

25.4 ± 4.9

27 (23, 29)

 

22.4 ± 6.1

23 (19, 28)

 

1200 (29.5)

 

1516 (37.2)

 

Monthly household income per capital (Chinese yuan)

< 0.0001

  

< 0.0001

 

< 0.0001

 

< 0.0001

 < 1000

1107 (22.5)

23.1 ± 5.7

24 (20, 28)

 

19.3 ± 6.3

20 (15, 24)

 

458 (41.4)

 

534 (48.2)

 

 1000–3999

3015 (61.2)

25.9 ± 4.5

27 (24, 29)

 

23.0 ± 5.8

24 (19, 28)

 

831 (27.6)

 

1072 (35.6)

 

 4000-

801 (16.3)

27.6 ± 3.2

29 (27, 30)

 

25.8 ± 4.6

27 (23, 30)

 

120 (15.0)

 

175 (21.9)

 

Residence area

   

< 0.0001

  

< 0.0001

 

< 0.0001

 

< 0.0001

 urban

1321 (26.8)

27.5 ± 3.3

29 (26, 30)

 

25.7 ± 4.5

27 (23, 30)

 

261 (19.8)

 

325 (24.6)

 

 suburban

1095 (22.2)

26.7 ± 3.4

29 (28, 30)

 

24.3 ± 4.7

25 (21, 28)

 

228 (20.8)

 

312 (28.5)

 

 county town

1183 (24.0)

25.0 ± 5.3

27 (23, 29)

 

21.5 ± 6.0

22 (18, 26)

 

347 (29.3)

 

482 (40.7)

 

 village

1324 (26.9)

23.0 ± 5.5

24 (20, 27)

 

19.1 ± 6.4

19 (15, 24)

 

573 (43.3)

 

662 (50.0)

 

Current smoking

   

0.5812

  

0.3050

 

0.0261

 

0.0202

 yes

770 (15.6)

25.7 ± 4.2

27 (23, 29)

 

22.6 ± 5.5

23 (19, 27)

 

246 (32.0)

 

307 (39.9)

 

 no

4153 (84.4)

25.5 ± 5.0

27 (23, 29)

 

22.6 ± 6.2

23 (19, 28)

 

1163 (28.0)

 

1474 (35.5)

 

Alcohol intake

   

< 0.0001

  

< 0.0001

 

0.2011

 

0.6954

 yes

843 (17.1)

26.4 ± 3.8

28 (25, 29)

 

23.6 ± 5.1

24 (20, 28)

 

226 (26.8)

 

300 (35.6)

 

 no

4080 (82.9)

25.3 ± 5.0

27 (23, 29)

 

22.4 ± 6.3

23 (18, 28)

 

1183 (29.0)

 

1481 (36.3)

 

Meeting sleep duration recommendation

 

< 0.0001

  

< 0.0001

 

0.0049

 

0.0031

 yes

3346 (68.0)

25.8 ± 4.8

27 (24, 29)

 

22.9 ± 5.9

24 (19, 28)

 

916 (27.4)

 

1164 (34.8)

 

 no

1577 (32.0)

25.0 ± 4.9

26 (22, 29)

 

21.9 ± 6.3

23 (18, 27)

 

493 (31.3)

 

617 (39.1)

 

Hypertension history

   

< 0.0001

  

< 0.0001

 

< 0.0001

 

< 0.0001

 yes

1567 (31.8)

24.8 ± 5.4

26 (22, 29)

 

21.6 ± 6.5

22 (18, 27)

 

519 (33.1)

 

628 (40.1)

 

 no

3356 (68.2)

25.9 ± 4.5

27 (24, 29)

 

23.0 ± 5.8

24 (19, 28)

 

890 (26.5)

 

1153 (34.4)

 

Diabetes history

   

0.4925

  

0.5552

 

0.2211

 

0.2125

 yes

477 (9.7)

25.5 ± 4.7

27 (23, 29)

 

22.6 ± 5.8

23 (19, 27)

 

148 (31.0)

 

185 (38.8)

 

 no

4446 (90.3)

25.5 ± 4.9

27 (23, 29)

 

22.6 ± 6.1

23 (19, 28)

 

1261 (28.4)

 

1596 (35.9)

 

Stroke history

   

0.6533

  

0.7690

 

0.7364

 

0.5581

 yes

96 (2.0)

25.6 ± 4.5

27 (23, 29)

 

22.9 ± 5.8

24 (19, 28)

 

26 (27.1)

 

32 (33.3)

 

 no

4827 (98.1)

25.5 ± 4.9

27 (23, 29)

 

22.6 ± 6.1

23 (19, 28)

 

1383 (28.7)

 

1749 (36.2)

 

Myocardial infarction history

  

0.6396

  

0.8370

 

0.4333

 

0.4272

 yes

93 (1.9)

25.6 ± 4.6

27 (23, 29)

 

22.9 ± 5.4

24 (20, 26)

 

30 (32.3)

 

30 (32.3)

 

 no

4830 (98.1)

25.5 ± 4.9

27 (23, 29)

 

22.6 ± 6.1

23 (19, 28)

 

1379 (28.6)

 

1751 (36.3)

 

Depression

   

< 0.0001

  

< 0.0001

 

0.0013

 

0.0293

 yes

424 (8.6)

24.1 ± 5.7

26 (21, 29)

 

21.2 ± 7.0

22 (16, 27)

 

150 (35.4)

 

174 (41.0)

 

 no

4499 (91.4)

25.6 ± 4.7

27 (23, 29)

 

22.7 ± 6.0

23 (19, 28)

 

1259 (28.0)

 

1607 (35.7)

 

Totala

4923 (100)

25.5 ± 4.9

27 (23, 29)

 

22.6 ± 6.1

23 (19, 28)

 

1409 (28.6)

 

1781 (36.2)

 
  1. a Percentage of relative standard deviation in total subjects was 19.0 and 26.9% in MMSE and MoCA, respectively, and significant differences (p < 0.0001) was found between MMSE and MoCA