Table 6 Comparison of Demography and putative Etiological Risk Factor between Classes (n = 939)

Male

252 (51.4%)

157 (46.6%)

28 (54.9%)

32 (52.5%)

1 (ref)

0.82

(0.62–1.09)

1.15

(0.64–2.05)

1.04

(0.61–1.78)

0.91

(0.43–1.91)

Ethnic minority

56 (11.4%)

38 (11.3%)

4 (7.8%)

5 (8.2%)

1 (ref)

35.59***^$

(23.51–53.87)

1.56

(0.63–3.90)

83.76***^$

(36.7–191.16)

0.84

(0.31–2.31)

Low family income

83 (16.9%)

70 (20.8%)

13 (25.5%)

18 (29.5%)

1 (ref)

1.29

(0.90–1.83)

1.68

(0.86–3.29)

2.05*

(1.13–3.74)

1.22

(0.53–2.82)

Family History (psychosis)

6 (1.2%)

7 (2.1%)

1 (2.0%)

2 (3.3%)

1 (ref)

1.65

(0.55–4.99)

1.66

(0.19–14.12)

3.06

(0.60–15.68)

1.74

(0.15–20.52)

Family History (non-psychosis)

3 (0.6%)

7 (2.1%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

1 (ref)

3.37

(0.86–13.17)

0 (0-Inf)

0 (0-Inf)

1 (0-Inf)

Urban birth

72 (14.7%)

39 (11.6%)

10 (19.6%)

4 (6.6%)

1 (ref)

0.76

(0.50–1.15)

1.43

(0.69–2.99)

0.42

(0.15–1.19)

0.28*

(0.08–0.97)

Loss of parent (divorce)

31 (6.3%)

24 (7.1%)

2 (3.9%)

4 (6.6%)

1 (ref)

1.13

(0.65–1.97)

0.59

(0.14–2.54)

0.97

(0.33–2.87)

1.75

(0.3–10.01)

Loss of parent (death)

12 (2.4%)

7 (2.1%)

1 (2.0%)

1 (1.6%)

1 (ref)

0.83

(0.32–2.14)

0.79

(0.10–6.22)

0.60

(0.08–4.79)

0.89

(0.05–15.71)

Physical abuse

262 (53.5%)

204 (60.5%)

30 (58.8%)

43 (70.5%)

1 (ref)

1.36*

(1.03–1.81)

1.22

(0.68–2.20)

2.04*

(1.14–3.66)

1.75

(0.79–3.90)

Sexual abuse

26 (5.3%)

27 (8.0%)

6 (11.8%)

14 (23.0%)

1 (ref)

1.53

(0.87–2.67)

2.41

(0.94–6.18)

5.09***^$

(2.47–10.49)

2.17

(0.76–6.21)

Neglect

279 (56.9%)

244 (72.4%)

31 (60.8%)

44 (72.1%)

1 (ref)

1.99***^$

(1.47–2.68)

1.16

(0.64–2.10)

1.91*

(1.06–3.44)

1.72

(0.77–3.84)

Class 1

β (95%CI)

Class 2

β (95%CI)

Class 3

β (95%CI)

Class 4

β (95%CI)

Age

18.14 ± 0.81)

18.18 ± 0.81

18.20 ± 0.80

18.38 ± 1.05

0 (ref)

0.04

(−0.07–0.16)

0.06

(−0.18–0.30)

0.24*

(0.02–0.46)

0.18

(−0.17–0.53)