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Table 3 Moderator analyses outcomes T1

From: The effects of self-management interventions on depressive symptoms in adults with chronic physical disease(s) experiencing depressive symptomatology: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Variables

# of studies

Pooled ES

L95

U95

P-value

I2

Meta-regression p-value

Overall

8

− 0.41

− 0.61

− 0.20

< 0.001

32%

 

Disease

 Cancer

1

−0.45

− 1.05

0.15

   

 Other

7

−0.41

− 0.65

− 0.18

0.001

41%

 

Baseline depression level

0.926

 Mild to moderate

5

−0.42

− 0.72

− 0.11

0.007

44%

 

 Moderately severe to severe

3

−0.43

−0.75

− 0.11

0.009

26%

 

Level of guidance

0.840

 Guided

5

−0.37

−0.62

− 0.13

0.002

26%

 

 Self-directed

3

−0.49

− 0.96

− 0.02

0.042

56%

 

Mode of delivery

0.840

 Face to face

5

−0.37

−0.62

− 0.13

0.002

26%

 

 Not face to face

3

−0.49

− 0.96

− 0.02

0.042

56%

 

Provider

0.840

 Professional

5

−0.38

−0.63

− 0.14

0.002

28%

 

 Self-directed

3

−0.5

− 0.98

− 0.02

0.042

58%

 

Format

 

 Individual

6

−0.33

− 0.55

− 0.11

0.004

25%

 

 Group

2

−0.65

−1.01

− 0.28

0.001

0%

 

Duration of Intervention

1.000

  < 300 min

4

−0.47

− 0.85

− 0.09

0.016

58%

 

  ≥ 300

4

−0.41

− 0.66

− 0.16

0.002

0%

 

Control Group

 

 Active

2

− 0.70

−1.52

0.11

0.09

64%

 

 Not active

6

−0.33

− 0.51

− 0.15

< 0.001

10%

 

Methodological Quality

 

 Low

1

−0.49

−1.03

0.04

0.072

  

 Moderate

7

−0.41

− 0.64

− 0.17

0.001

40%

 

Length of Intervention

0.858

  < 3 months

5

− 0.43

− 0.70

− 0.17

0.001

15%

 

  ≥ 3 months

3

−0.41

−0.81

− 0.02

0.042

60%

 

Depression Self-Management Skills

 Decision-making

0.016*

  No

3

−0.75

−1.08

− 0.42

< 0.001

0%

 

  Yes

5

−0.23

−0.41

− 0.05

0.011

0%

 

 Problem-solving

  No

2

−0.90

−1.31

− 0.48

< 0.001

0%

 

  Yes

6

−0.26

−0.43

− 0.09

0.003

0%

 

 Resource Utilization

  No

7

−0.31

− 0.47

− 0.15

< 0.001

0%

 

  Yes

1

−1.13

−1.85

−0.41

0.002

  

 Partnerships with HCPs

 

  No

7

−0.49

−0.70

− 0.28

< 0.001

4%

 

  Yes

1

−0.16

− 0.4

0.08

0.197

  

 Taking Action

0.020*

  No

3

−0.75

−1.08

− 0.42

< 0.001

0%

 

  Yes

5

−0.23

−0.41

− 0.05

0.011

0%

 

 Behavioural Activation

1.000

  No

4

−0.47

−0.85

− 0.09

0.016

58%

 

  Yes

4

−0.41

−0.66

− 0.16

0.002

0%

 

 Cognitive Restructuring

0.297

  No

3

−0.61

−1.06

− 0.16

0.008

34%

 

  Yes

5

−0.32

−0.53

− 0.11

0.003

21%

 

 Self-monitoring

0.694

  No

5

−0.45

−0.71

− 0.19

0.001

12%

 

  Yes

3

−0.38

−0.78

0.02

0.065

57%

 

 Health Habits

0.283

  No

4

−0.25

−0.45

−0.05

0.014

0%

 

  Yes

4

−0.56

−0.93

− 0.19

0.003

49%

 

 Communicating about Depression

  No

7

−0.34

− 0.53

−0.14

0.001

17%

 

  Yes

1

−0.78

−1.29

−0.27

0.003

  

 Social Support

0.279

  No

3

−0.23

−0.43

−0.02

0.036

0%

 

  Yes

5

−0.53

−0.82

− 0.23

< 0.001

33%

 

 Relaxation

0.212

  No

3

−0.21

− 0.42

0.00

0.053

0%

 

  Yes

5

−0.53

− 0.82

− 0.25

< 0.001

32%

 

 Self-tailoring

0.747

  No

4

−0.47

− 0.80

− 0.14

0.005

34%

 

  Yes

4

−0.37

−0.67

− 0.07

0.015

40%

 

 Number of Skills

0.311

  1–6

4

−0.56

−0.88

− 0.24

0.001

6%

 

  7–13

4

−0.32

−0.57

− 0.07

0.013

37%

 
  1. Random effect model was used to compute the pooled effect size.
  2. *p < 0.05 indicating statistical significance