Skip to main content

Table 1 Descriptive Statistics and Kruskal-Wallis Tests results for emotional state, coping and COVID-19-scales, N = 4289

From: Emotional distress in the early stages of the COVID-19 related lockdowns depending on the severity of the pandemic and emergency measures: a comparative online-survey in Germany, Austria and Italy

Scales

 

Italy

(n = 1226)

Austria

(n = 2359)

Germany

(n = 704)

p

χ2

STAI State Anxiety

M

49.54

43.45

44.50

< .001

407.56

MD

50

42

43

  

SD

3.91

11.90

12.15

  

PANAS Negative Affect

M

26.72

19.88

21.35

< .001

883.94

MD

27

19

20.5

  

SD

5.28

6.25

6.62

  

SVF78 Positive Stress Behavior

M

12.47

18.91

18.95

< .001

2367.44

MD

12.57

19

19.07

  

SD

1.21

2.87

2.82

  

SVF78 Negative Stress Behavior

M

12.93

16.37

16.32

< .001

643.24

MD

13

16.25

16

  

SD

1.80

4.57

4.70

  

Concerns related to COVID-19

M

27.61

25.22

26.15

< .001

175.28

MD

27

25

26

  

SD

3.39

5.67

5.79

  

Subsale: Concerns about health

M

3.05

2.04

2.17

< .001

445.58

MD

3

2

2

  

SD

1.43

.91

3.05

  

Subscale: Concerns about financial problems

M

3.91

2.12

2.17

< .001

1346.57

MD

4

2

2

  

SD

1.06

1.14

1.19

  

Subscale: Concerns about the economic impact

M

3.69

3.22

3.36

< .001

151.34

MD

4

3

3

  

SD

1.23

1.16

1.16

  

Perceived Severity of COVID-19

M

8.65

8.06

8.00

< .001

151.95

MD

9

8

9

  

SD

1.31

1.47

1.57

  

Perceived Risk of Disease

M

8.22

8.59

9.18

< .001

72.28

MD

8

8

9

  

SD

2.24

2.36

2.33

  

Emergency measure acceptance

M

69.50

70.43

67.99

< .001

205.17

MD

71

73

71

  

SD

4.72

6.43

8.29

  

Emotional distress due to emergency measures

M

21.63

13.86

15.46

< .001

1352.07

MD

20

12

13

  

SD

6.60

4.94

6.68

  

App-Usage

M

1.06

.34

.27

< .001

1324.43

MD

1

0

0

  

SD

.65

.64

.62