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Table 5 Mann-Whitney-U-Test post hoc tests, N = 252

From: Emotional distress in the early stages of the COVID-19 related lockdowns depending on the severity of the pandemic and emergency measures: a comparative online-survey in Germany, Austria and Italy

Measures

group

group

p

r

STAI State Anxiety

Italy

Austria

< .001

.40

Italy

Germany

< .001

.49

Austria

Germany

.696

 

PANAS Negative Affect

Italy

Austria

< .001

.56

Italy

Germany

< .001

.46

Austria

Germany

.434

 

Perceived Severity of COVID-19

Italy

Austria

.041

.16

 

Italy

Germany

.016

.19

 

Austria

Germany

.723

 

Perceived Risk of Disease

Italy

Austria

.042

.16

 

Italy

Germany

.004

.22

 

Austria

Germany

.527

 

Emergency measure acceptance

Italy

Austria

< .001

.29

Italy

Germany

.336

 

Austria

Germany

< .001

.27

Emotional distress due to emergency measures

Italy

Austria

< .001

.60

Italy

Germany

< .001

.55

Austria

Germany

.304

 

App-Usage

Italy

Austria

< .001

.60

 

Italy

Germany

< .001

.71

 

Austria

Germany

.085

 
  1. Effect sizes: r = .10 small, r = .30 medium, r = .50 large (Cohen, 1988)