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Table 1 Treatment factors and changes in substance use, social network and self-control for three crime groups

From: Desistance from crime following substance use treatment: the role of treatment retention, social network and self-control

 

No crime T0

Crime T0

 

p-value b

 

No crime T1a n = 41

Continued T1 n = 61

Desisted T1 n = 232

F or X2 value (df)

Demographics

 Age at baseline, mean (median)

44.5 (45.1)

32.0 (29.8)

32.6 (30.6)

F = 31.17 (2)

p < 0.001

 Women, n (%)

18 (44)

12 (20)

67 (29)

X2 = 7.00 (2)

p = 0.030

Treatment

Index treatment: Long-term inpatient (ref: OMT)

4 (10)

27 (44)

128 (55)

X2 = 29.15 (2)

p < 0.001

Treatment status, n (%)

     

 Full sample (n = 334)

  Interrupted treatment

2 (5)

20 (34)

50 (22)

  

  Ongoing treatment at T1

36 (88)

27 (46)

119 (52)

X2 = 23.91 (4)

p < 0.001

  Completed according to plan

3 (7)

12 (20)

59 (26)

  

 Inpatients (n = 159)

  Interrupted treatment

3 (75)

12 (48)

59 (47)

  

  Ongoing treatment at T1

1 (25)

2 (8)

25 (20)

Fisher’s Exacte

p = 0.30e

  Completed according to plan

0 (0)

11 (44)

42 (33)

  

 OMT-patients (n = 175) c

  Interrupted treatment

2 (5)

9 (26)

8 (8)

  

  Ongoing treatment at T1

35 (95)

25 (74)

94 (92)

Fisher’s Exacte

p = 0.010e

Substance use

Reduction in number of substances, mean (median)

−1.03 (−1.0)

−0.81 (−1.0)

−2.86 (−2.0)

F = 12.16 (2)

p < 0.001

Stimulant used, n (%)

 Continued use

7 (17)

37 (61)

62 (27)

  

 Ended use

9 (22)

17 (28)

110 (47)

X2 = 51.85 (4)

p < 0.001

 Not used in study period

25 (61)

7 (12)

60 (26)

  

Other factors

Change in primary social network, n (%)

     

 Continued substance using network

3 (7)

26 (43)

40 (17)

  

 Left substance using network

10 (24)

17 (28)

101 (44)

X2 = 34.21 (4)

p < 0.001

 No substance using network in study period

28 (68)

18 (30)

90 (39)

  

Improvement self-control score (BSCS), mean (median)

3.6 (4.0)

1.0 (0.0)

8.9 (9.0)

F = 17.27 (2)

p < 0.001

  1. N = 334. Significant p-values are marked in bold. Missing data: Treatment status, n = 6; social network, n = 1; self-control score, n = 6; change in number of substances, n = 9. a No crime in the study period (T0 nor T1). b One-way ANOVA or Chi-Square tests compare the no crime, continued and desisted crime groups. c OMT treatment is long-term, thus no patients had completed and left treatment according to plan within the follow-up period. d Stimulants consists of amphetamines (T0: 88% T1: 93%), cocaine (T0: 22% T1: 11%), crack (T0: 0% T1: 0%), and other stimulants (T0: 5% T1: 3%). e Fisher’s Exact test