Altered spatiotemporal consistency in pediatric bipolar disorder patients with and without psychotic symptoms

BMC Psychiatry

Table 1 Demographic and clinical characteristics of all subjects (n = 71)

	P-PBD group n = 27	NP-PBD group n = 25	HC group n = 19	F/χ²	p
Age (Years)	15.4 (1.55)	14.8 (1.94)	14.2 (1.57)	2.858	0.064
Sex (Male/Female)	11/16	14/11	7/12	1.930	0.381
Education (Years)	8.37 (1.50)	7.96 (2.11)	7.47 (2.22)	1.204	0.306
IQ	102.9 (13.8)	105.0 (12.5)	105.3 (7.51)	0.311	0.733
Illness course (Months)	16.7 (12.3)	17.3 (16.8)		0.018	0.895
Onset age (Years)	14.2 (1.54)	13.3 (2.09)		2.939	0.093
Episode times	3.59 (1.65)	4.71 (7.09)		0.631	0.431
PBD-I/PBD-II	16/11	17/8		0.428	0.513
YMRS	12.4 (13.1)^b	15.4 (14.4)^a	3.63 (2.06)	5.437	0.006
MFQ	15.2 (14.2)^a	11.7 (10.6)	6.11 (3.33)	3.862	0.026
Psychotic symptom, n (%)
Current	15 (55.6)
Past	12 (44.4)
Current status, n (%)
Mania	8 (29.6)	9 (36.0)		0.239	0.625
Depression	8 (29.6)	7 (28.0)		0.017	0.897
Euthymia	11 (40.8)	9 (36.0)		0.318	0.573
Family history (Y/N)	5/22	7/18		0.657	0.417
Treatment, n (%)
None	3 (11.1)	11 (44.0)		7.137	0.008
Lithium	12 (44.4)	7 (28.0)		1.514	0.219
Valproate	15 (55.6)	9 (36.0)		1.997	0.158
Antipsychotics	22 (81.5)	12 (48.0)		11.15	0.001
Antidepressants	2 (7.41)	1 (4.0)		0.272^*	0.602
Comorbidity n (%)
Anxiety	7 (25.9)	3 (12.0)		1.590^*	0.207
ADHD	2 (7.41)	1 (4.0)		0.272^*	0.602
OCD	1 (3.70)	1 (4.0)		0.003^*	0.956

ADHD attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, HC healthy controls, IQ intelligence quotient, MFQ mood and feelings questionnaire, NP-PBD nonpsychotic pediatric bipolar disorder, OCD obsessive-compulsive disorder, P-PBD psychotic pediatric bipolar disorder, YMRS Young Mania Rating Scale. ^a Compared with HC, p < 0.01, ^b Compared with HC p < 0.05, ^*Fisher’s exact test

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