Trends in antipsychotic prescribing for approved and unapproved indications to Medicaid-enrolled youth in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania between 2014 and 2018

Table 1 Characteristics of Youth Enrolled in Medicaid in Philadelphia, PA Filling Antipsychotic Prescriptions, 2014 versus 2018

	Any Antipsychotic Rx			Antipsychotic Rx without an Approved Indication
	2014	2018	p-value	2014	2018	p-value
Number of Youth	5254	2688	< 0.001	2332	1271	< 0.001
Male	64.0%	59.5%	< 0.001	70.2%	54.9%	< 0.001
Age
< 5 years^a	1.0%	0.4%	0.002	1.6%	0.4%	0.001
5–10 years^a	24.5%	16.4%	< 0.001	32.2%	18.4%	< 0.001
11–17 years^a	50.5%	44.5%	< 0.001	52.1%	49.2%	0.098
18–21 years	24.0%	38.7%	< 0.001	14.1%	32.0%	< 0.001
Race/Ethnicity
Black	59.6%	60.6%	0.006	52.4%	58.5%	< 0.001
Hispanic	14.8%	16.4%	0.004	10.8%	14.2%	0.003
White	22.0%	16.1%	< 0.001	34.3%	23.4%	0.007
other	3.6%	6.8%	< 0.001	2.5%	4.1%	< 0.001
Foster care^b	36.8%	30.4%	< 0.001	35.1%	35.0%	0.948

Notes. Differences between 2014 and 2018 were assessed using t-tests. Approved indications were defined as youth with at least one of the following diagnostic codes: ICD9: 293, 294, 295, 296, 298, 299; ICD10: F20, F23, F24, F25, F28, F29, F30, F31, F39, F84
^aYouth aged 17 and under were subject to prior authorization
^bFoster care-enrolled youth were subject to additional monitoring through a statewide antipsychotic dashboard

ISSN: 1471-244X