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Table 3 Univariable Regression Models for Caregiver Burden (Cut-Off Point of 39/40) on Characteristics of Individuals with Schizophrenia and Informal Caregivers (N = 65)

From: Perceived burden and family functioning among informal caregivers of individuals living with schizophrenia in Tanzania: a cross-sectional study

  

Univariable Model

Characteristics of Individuals with Schizophrenia

N

Crude OR (95% CI)

p-value

Sex

 Male

43

REF

 

 Female

22

3.91 (1.13; 13.50)

0.031

Relationship Status

 Partnered, living together

10

REF

 

 Partnered, not living together

11

4.50 (0.63; 32.29)

0.135

 Single, not partnered

44

1.59 (0.40; 6.31)

0.511

Educational Level

 Primary or less

24

REF

 

 Secondary or higher

41

0.43 (0.14; 1.29)

0.132

Worked in the Past 3 Months

 No

28

REF

 

 Yes

37

0.39 (0.13; 1.15)

0.087

Financial Contribution to Household

 No

43

REF

 

 Yes

22

0.58 (0.20; 1.66)

0.310

Age

65

0.96 (0.90; 1.02)

0.164

Length of Illness

65

0.97 (0.91; 1.04)

0.398

Disability (WHODAS)

65

1.00 (0.97; 1.02)

0.939

Self-Efficacy (GSE)

65

1.03 (0.95; 1.12)

0.528

Instrumental Support (PROMIS)

65

1.01 (0.97; 1.06)

0.511

Internalized Stigma (ISMI)

65

1.44 (0.51; 4.03)

0.491

PANSS Positive

65

0.93 (0.83; 1.05)

0.239

PANSS Negative

65

0.92 (0.82; 1.03)

0.139

PANSS General

65

0.96 (0.90; 1.03)

0.253

PANSS Total

65

0.97 (0.94; 1.01)

0.153

Characteristics of Informal Caregivers

N

Crude OR (95% CI)

p-value

Sex

 Male

22

REF

 

 Female

43

1.73 (0.60; 4.95)

0.310

Educational Level

 Primary or less

41

REF

 

 Secondary or higher

24

0.96 (0.34; 2.73)

0.941

Worked in the Past 3 Months

 No

31

REF

 

 Yes

34

4.68 (1.57; 13.95)

0.006

Living with individual with schizophrenia

 No

10

REF

 

 Yes

55

0.69 (0.16; 2.98)

0.623

Age

65

0.98 (0.94; 1.02)

0.377

Family Functioning (SCORE-15)

65

11.12 (3.22; 38.40)

< 0.001

Hope (HHI)

65

0.78 (0.69; 0.89)

< 0.001

Religiosity (IR Subscale of DUREL)

65

0.61 (0.35; 1.08)

0.091

  1. OR odds ratio, CI confidence interval
  2. WHODAS World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule, GSE General Self-Efficacy scale, PROMIS Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System, ISMI Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness scale, PANSS Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, SCORE-15 Systemic Clinical Outcome and Routine Evaluation, HHI Herth Hope Index, DUREL Duke University Religion Index