Relationship between TNF-α levels and psychiatric symptoms in first-episode drug-naïve patients with schizophrenia before and after risperidone treatment and in chronic patients

Table 1 Demographics of FEDN, chronic patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls

	FEDN patients (n = 51)	Chronic patients (n = 52)	Healthy controls (n = 114)	F or T or Zor X²	P-value
Sex, male/female	32/19	45/7	21/93	75.229	< 0.001
Age (years)	27.51 ± 8.71	47.6 ± 4.40	44.31 ± 14.40	48.521	< 0.001
Education (years)	11.84 ± 3.57	9.40 ± 2.04	8.49 ± 3.96	16.133	< 0.001
Age of onset (years)	25.63 ± 9.12	23.92 ± 5.94		1.122	0.265
Duration of illness (months)	18 (6,36)	284.08 ± 83.23		−8.749	< 0.001^a
BMI (kg/m²)	22.5 ± 3.80	23.56 ± 4.26		−1.140	0.256
Antipsychotic dose (mg/day) (chlozapine equivalents)		375 (262,500)
PANSS total score	86.71 ± 20.39	76.81 ± 18.28		2.595	0.011
Positive subscore	26.33 ± 6.13	16.42 ± 6.17		8.175	< 0.001
Negative subscore	18.94 ± 7.49	24.71 ± 6.33		−4.224	< 0.001
General psychopathology subscore	41.43 ± 12.59	35.67 ± 10.12		2.561	0.012
TNF-α (pg/ml)	19 (9.86,34.33)	10.24 ± 2.14	1.98 (0.00,26.34)		< 0.001*

Note: FEDN, first-episode drug-naïve; PANSS, Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-α. ^a Mann-Whitney U test, * Kruskal-Wallis H test

ISSN: 1471-244X