Table 1 Characteristics of healthcare workers exposed to COVID-19
Characteristics | All HCWs | Non-PTSD | PTSD | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PCL-5 < 33 | PCL-5 ≥ 33 | ||||
659 | 569 | 90 | |||
Gender (%) | Male | 62 (9.4) | 57 (10.0) | 5 (5.6) | 0.249 |
Female | 597 (90.6) | 512 (90.0) | 85 (94.4) | Â | |
Age (%) | 18–30 | 316 (48.0) | 279 (49.0) | 37 (41.1) | 0.19 |
31–40 | 223 (33.8) | 185 (32.5) | 38 (42.2) |  | |
> 41 | 120 (18.2) | 105 (18.5) | 15 (16.7) |  | |
Education level (%) | College diploma | 80 (12.1) | 69 (12.1) | 11 (12.2) | 0.979 |
Bachelor | 509 (77.2) | 439 (77.2) | 70 (77.8) | Â | |
Master and above | 70 (10.6) | 61 (10.7) | 9 (10.0) | Â | |
Marital status (%) | Unmarried | 213 (32.3) | 186 (32.7) | 27 (30.0) | 0.388 |
Married | 425 (64.5) | 363 (63.8) | 62 (68.9) | Â | |
Divorced/widowed | 21 (3.2) | 20 (3.5) | 1 (1.1) | Â | |
Occupation (%) | Doctor | 55 (8.3) | 50 (8.8) | 5 (5.6) | 0.263 |
Nurse | 573 (86.9) | 490 (86.1) | 83 (92.2) | Â | |
Non-clinical | 31 (4.7) | 29 (5.1) | 2 (2.2) | Â | |
Position level (%) | Unrated | 34 (5.2) | 29 (5.1) | 5 (5.6) | 0.653 |
Elementary | 377 (57.2) | 331 (58.2) | 46 (51.1) | Â | |
Intermediate | 221 (33.5) | 186 (32.7) | 35 (38.9) | Â | |
Advanced | 27 (4.1) | 23 (4.0) | 4 (4.4) | Â | |
Suffered from chronic diseases (%) | No | 580 (88.0) | 510 (89.6) | 70 (77.8) | 0.002 |
Yes | 79 (12.0) | 59 (10.4) | 20 (22.2) | Â | |
The only child (%) | No | 466 (70.7) | 408 (71.7) | 58 (64.4) | 0.2 |
Yes | 193 (29.3) | 161 (28.3) | 32 (35.6) | Â | |
Time of work during the outbreak (median [IQR]) | 30 [15–60] | 30 [15–60] | 30 [15.25–60] | 0.752 | |
Experience in fighting other infectious diseases (%) | No | 601 (91.2) | 519 (91.2) | 82 (91.1) | 1 |
Yes | 58 (8.8) | 50 (8.8) | 8 (8.9) | Â | |
Direct care for COVID-19 patients (%) | No | 174 (26.4) | 151 (26.5) | 23 (25.6) | 0.946 |
Yes | 485 (73.6) | 418 (73.5) | 67 (74.4) | Â | |
Occupational exposure without protection (%) | No | 580 (88.0) | 508 (89.3) | 72 (80.0) | 0.019 |
Yes | 79 (12.0) | 61 (10.7) | 18 (20.0) | Â | |
Be infected (%) | No | 633 (96.1) | 547 (96.1) | 86 (95.6) | 1 |
Yes | 26 (3.9) | 22 (3.9) | 4 (4.4) | Â | |
Relatives or friends be infected (%) | No | 235 (35.7) | 210 (36.9) | 25 (27.8) | 0.118 |
Yes | 424 (64.3) | 359 (63.1) | 65 (72.2) | Â | |
Relatives or friends died of COVID-19 (%) | No | 506 (76.8) | 448 (78.7) | 58 (64.4) | 0.004 |
Yes | 153 (23.2) | 121 (21.3) | 32 (35.6) | Â | |
Experienced quarantine (%) | No | 340 (51.6) | 296 (52.0) | 44 (48.9) | 0.661 |
Yes | 319 (48.4) | 273 (48.0) | 46 (51.1) | Â | |
Time of quarantine (median [IQR]) | 3 [3–14] | 3 [3–14] | 6 [3–14] | 0.436 | |
Experienced social isolation (%) | No | 512 (77.7) | 458 (80.5) | 54 (60.0) | <  0.001 |
Yes | 147 (22.3) | 111 (19.5) | 36 (40.0) | Â | |
Received psychological assistance (%) | No | 563 (85.4) | 489 (85.9) | 74 (82.2) | 0.442 |
Yes | 96 (14.6) | 80 (14.1) | 16 (17.8) | Â | |
Awarded (%) | No | 438 (66.5) | 371 (65.2) | 67 (74.4) | 0.108 |
Yes | 221 (33.5) | 198 (34.8) | 23 (25.6) | Â | |
Frequency of obtaining COVID-19 related information (%) | Rarely | 164 (24.9) | 133 (23.4) | 31 (34.4) | 0.057 |
Sometimes | 235 (35.7) | 210 (36.9) | 25 (27.8) | Â | |
Always | 260 (39.5) | 226 (39.7) | 34 (37.8) | Â | |
Job satisfaction (%) | Dissatisfied | 111 (16.8) | 79 (13.9) | 32 (35.6) | <  0.001 |
Average | 353 (53.6) | 304 (53.4) | 49 (54.4) | Â | |
Satisfied | 195 (29.6) | 186 (32.7) | 9 (10.0) | Â | |
Department (%) | Outpatient /Emergency | 101 (15.3) | 80 (14.1) | 21 (23.3) | 0.027 |
ICU | 48 (7.3) | 37 (6.5) | 11 (12.2) | Â | |
Infection ward | 100 (15.2) | 86 (15.1) | 14 (15.6) | Â | |
Isolation ward | 155 (23.5) | 137 (24.1) | 18 (20.0) | Â | |
Mobile cabin hospital | 255 (38.7) | 229 (40.2) | 26 (28.9) | Â | |
Work experience (median [IQR]) | 8 [4–15] | 8 [4–15] | 9 [5–15] | 0.555 | |
APGAR (median [IQR]) | 8 [5–10] | 8 [5–10] | 5 [4–8] | <  0.001 | |