Table 2 Factors associated with depression, anxiety and stress among physicians: results from bivariate and multivariate analysis
From: Mental health condition of physicians working frontline with COVID-19 patients in Bangladesh
Factors | Depression (N = 347) | Anxiety (N = 347) | Stress (N = 347) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Yes (N = 192) | P-value | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | Yes (N = 168) | P-value | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | Yes (N = 122) | P-value | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | |
n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | |||||||
Place of work | |||||||||
Government Hospital | 55 (48.7) | 0.083 | 0.59 (0.25 - 1.39) | 47 (41.6) | 0.077 | 0.62 (0.29 - 1.30) | 48 (42.5) | 0.047 | 4.08 (1.77 - 9.41) |
Non-government Hospital | 137 (58.5) | Ref | 121 (51.7) | Ref | 74 (31.6) | Ref | |||
Type of hospital | |||||||||
COVID hospital | 46 (56.1) | 0.873 | 1.25 (0.49 - 3.22) | 42 (51.2) | 0.561 | 1.87 (0.85 - 4.15) | 34 (41.5) | 0.171 | 0.69 (0.30 - 1.59) |
Non-COVID hospital | 146 (55.1) | Ref | 126 (47.5) | Ref | 88 (33.2) | Ref | |||
Sex | |||||||||
Male | 108 (48.9) | 0.001* | Ref | 94 (42.5) | 0.004* | Ref | 61 (27.6) | < 0.001 | Ref |
Female | 84 (66.7) | 1.54 (0.69 - 3.44) | 74 (58.7) | 1.11 (0.56 - 2.19) | 61 (48.4) | 2.16 (1.09 - 4.30) | |||
Age (in years) | |||||||||
<= 27 | 94 (53.4) | 0.465 | 2.06 (0.92 - 4.59) | 82 (46.6) | 0.49 | 1.58 (0.79 - 3.16) | 59 (33.5) | 0.517 | 1.03 (0.52 - 2.05) |
> 27 | 98 (57.3) | Ref | 86 (50.3) | Ref | 63 (36.8) | Ref | |||
Marital status | |||||||||
Married | 99 (55.0) | 0.897 | Ref | 87 (48.3) | 0.975 | Ref | 63 (35.0) | 0.949 | Ref |
Unmarried or Others | 93 (55.7) | 2.17 (0.95 - 4.99) | 81 (48.5) | 1.28 (0.63- 2.62) | 59 (35.3) | 1.23 (0.61- 2.47) | |||
Previously diagnosed chronic diseases | |||||||||
Yes | 69 (59.0) | 0.33 | 2.61 (1.14 – 5.99) | 62 (53.0) | 0.224 | 1.88 (0.93 - 3.79) | 50 (42.7) | 0.035 | 2.51 (1.22 - 5.18) |
No | 123 (53.5) | Ref | 106 (46.1) | Ref | 72 (31.3) | Ref | |||
Previous history of diagnosed mental health issues | |||||||||
Yes | 33 (76.7) | 0.003* | 3.45 (1.07 - 11.10) | 27 (62.8) | 0.044 | 0.98 (0.37 - 2.59) | 28 (65.1) | < 0.001 | 4.22 (1.48 - 12.02) |
No | 159 (52.3) | Ref | 141 (46.4) | Ref | 91 (30.9) | Ref | |||
History of availing/receiving psychotherapy | |||||||||
Yes | 25 (78.1) | 0.006* | 0.97 (0.24 - 3.95) | 25 (78.1) | < 0.001* | 2.87 (0.82 - 10.05) | 14 (43.8) | 0.285 | 0.68 (0.25 -1.85) |
No | 167 (53.0) | Ref | 143 (45.4) | Ref | 108 (34.3) | Ref | |||
Direct contact with COVID-19 patient | |||||||||
Yes | 158 (54.1) | 0.291 | Ref | 135 (46.2) | 0.061 | Ref | 103 (35.3) | 0.917 | Ref |
No | 34 (61.8) | 0.90 (0.30 - 2.69) | 33 (60.0) | 2.15 (0.83 - 5.55) | 19 (34.5) | 0.43 (0.18 - 1.05) | |||
Satisfied with PPE (N = 46) | |||||||||
Yes | 13 (59.1) | 0.741 | 11 (50.0) | 0.894 | 8 (36.4) | 0.57 | |||
No | 33 (55.0) | 31 (51.7) | 26 (43.3) | ||||||
Multiple mental health issues present | |||||||||
Yes | 168 (98.2) | < 0.001* | 0.01 (0.00 - 0.02) | 149 (87.1) | < 0.001* | 0.02 (0.01 - 0.04) | 115 (67.3) | < 0.001 | 0.01 (0.01 - 0.03) |
No | 24 (13.6) | Ref | 19 (10.8) | Ref | Ref | ||||