RETRACTED ARTICLE: Factors associated with insomnia among frontline nurses during COVID-19: a cross-sectional survey study

Table 1 Demographic characteristics of the sample (N = 680)

Item	Value		Test	*P Value*
Categorical variables
*Gender, n (%)***
Men	257 (44.3)		χ² = 7.510	.006
Women	323 (55.7)
ISI, *n (%)*
ISI < 8	206 (30.3)
8 ≤ ISI < 15	231 (33.9)		χ² = 16	<.001
15 ≤ ISI < 22	159 (23.4)
22 ≤ ISI	84 (12.4)
*Experience level, n (%)***
Years ≤5	250 (37.1)		χ² = 14.5	<.001
5 < years	343 (62.9)
Continuous variables *M (SD)*
Age (years)	32.85	7.09	t(1, 678) = −1.73	.08
Insomnia	10.09	5.55	t(1, 678) = 4.50	<.001
Emotion Dysregulation	31.87	7.95	t(1, 678) = −2.35	.02
Dysfunctional Belief	42.55	9.41	t(1, 678) = 1.65	.1
Neuroticism	23.20	7.32	t(1, 678) = 3.58	<.001
Psychopathology Vulnerability	33.44	12.71	t(1, 678) = 3.12	.002
COVID-19 related psychological distress	11.87	7.28	t(1, 678) = 2.75	.01

.Note: n = frequency; M = mean; SD = standard deviation
t = independent t test to compare gender status, negative sign = Males higher score

ISSN: 1471-244X