Patient or population: Pregnant women and new mothers with symptoms of depression or anxiety Intervention: screening programmes Comparison: care as usual | ||||||
Outcome № of participants (studies) | Relative effect (95% CI) | Anticipated absolute effects (95% CI) | Certainty | What happens | ||
Difference | ||||||
Rates of depression assessed with: Psychometric scales № of participants: 9009 (10 RCTs) | OR 0.55 (0.45 to 0.66) | 17.5% | 10.4% (8.7 to 12.3) | 7.0% fewer (8.8 fewer to 5.2 fewer) | ⨁⨁⨁◯ MODERATE a | Screening programmes likely reduces rates of depression slightly. |
Severity of Anxiety symptoms assessed with: Psychometric scales № of participants: 3654 (3 RCTs) | – | – | – | SMD 0.18 SD lower (0.25 lower to 0.12 lower) | ⨁⨁⨁⨁ HIGH | Screening programmes reduces severity of Anxiety symptoms slightly. |
Treatment seeking № of participants: 1082 (3 RCTs) | OR 3.74 (2.14 to 6.52) | 17.4% | 44.0% (31 to 57.8) | 26.6% more (13.7 more to 40.4 more) | ⨁⨁⨁◯ MODERATE b | Screening programmes likely results in a large increase in treatment seeking. |
Parental distress assessed with: Psychometric scales № of participants: 2336 (5 RCTs) | – | – | – | SMD 0.27 SD lower (0.39 lower to 0.15 lower) | ⨁⨁⨁◯ MODERATE c | Screening programmes likely reduces parental distress slightly. |
Quality of life assessed with: Psychometric scales № of participants: 5157 (4 RCTs) | – | – | – | SMD 0.2 SD higher (0.14 higher to 0.27 higher) | ⨁⨁⨁⨁ HIGH | Screening programmes increases quality of life slightly. |
*The risk in the intervention group (and its 95% confidence interval) is based on the assumed risk in the comparison group and the relative effect of the intervention (and its 95% CI). CI: Confidence interval; OR: Odds ratio; SMD: Standardised mean difference | ||||||
GRADE Working Group grades of evidence High quality: We are very confident that the true effect lies close to that of the estimate of the effect Moderate quality: We are moderately confident in the effect estimate: The true effect is likely to be close to the estimate of the effect, but there is a possibility that it is substantially different Low quality: Our confidence in the effect estimate is limited: The true effect may be substantially different from the estimate of the effect Very low quality: We have very little confidence in the effect estimate: The true effect is likely to be substantially different from the estimate of effect |