From: Hip, vertebral, and wrist fracture risks and schizophrenia: a nationwide longitudinal study
Predictive variables | Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
HR (95% CI) | P value | HR (95% CI) | P value | |
Schizophrenia | 1.89 (1.18–3.04) | .01 | 1.78 (1.08–2.93) | .02* |
Age (< 60 = 0, ≥60 = 1) | 19.02 (12.07–29.97) | <.01 | 10.85 (6.09–19.33) | <.01* |
Sex (Female = 1, Male = 0) | 0.93 (0.60–1.15) | .76 |  |  |
Comorbidities | ||||
 Hypertension | 7.81 (5.02–12.16) | <.01 | 1.81 (1.03–3.20) | .04* |
 Diabetes mellitus | 4.77 (2.85–8.00) | <.01 | 1.27 (0.70–2.30) | .43 |
 Dyslipidemia | 3.25 (1.90–5.56) | <.01 | 0.81 (0.44–1.51) | .51 |
 Coronary artery disease | 10.82 (3.41–34.3) | <.01 | 1.79 (0.53–6.02) | .35 |
 Congestive heart failure | 9.41 (4.33–20.46) | <.01 | 1.37 (0.59–3.19) | .46 |
 Cerebrovascular disease | 6.75 (3.57–12.78) | <.01 | 1.20 (0.60–2.41) | .61 |
 Chronic pulmonary disease | 3.93 (2.32–6.66) | <.01 | 1.03 (0.57–1.85) | .94 |
 Osteoarthritis | 4.81 (2.98–7.78) | <.01 | 1.48 (0.87–2.53) | .15 |
 Malignancy | 5.40 (1.33–21.98) | .02 | 1.63 (0.39–6.79) | .50 |
Degree of urbanization | ||||
 Urban | Reference |  | Reference |  |
 Suburban | 1.52 (0.95–2.43) | .08 | 1.42 (0.88–2.29) | .16 |
 Rural | 1.74 (0.85–3.60) | .13 | 1.32 (0.62–2.80) | .47 |
Income group | ||||
 Low income | Reference |  | Reference |  |
 Medium income | 0.40 (0.23–0.68) | <.01 | 0.58 (0.33–1.01) | .05 |
 High income | 0.26 (0.11–0.66) | <.01 | 0.89 (0.33–2.37) | .81 |