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Table 4 Analyses of risk factors for wrist fracture in patients with and without schizophrenia

From: Hip, vertebral, and wrist fracture risks and schizophrenia: a nationwide longitudinal study

Predictive variables

Univariate analysis

Multivariate analysis

HR (95% CI)

P value

HR (95% CI)

P value

Schizophrenia

0.96 (0.58–1.61)

.89

0.96 (0.57–1.61)

.88

Age (< 60 = 0, ≥60 = 1)

4.61 (2.95–7.21)

<.01

3.51 (2.01–6.13)

<.01*

Sex (Female = 1, Male = 0)

1.49 (0.99–2.25)

.06

1.37 (0.90–2.08)

.14

Comorbidities

 Hypertension

2.52 (1.55–4.09)

<.01

1.11 (0.60–2.07)

.74

 Diabetes mellitus

1.97 (1.05–3.70)

.04

0.88 (0.42–1.82)

.72

 Dyslipidemia

2.41 (1.41–4.14)

<.01

1.45 (0.76–2.77)

.26

 Coronary artery disease

0.05 (0.01–111,081)

.68

  

 Congestive heart failure

3.10 (0.98–9.79)

.05

0.92 (0.27–3.14)

.90

 Cerebrovascular disease

2.81 (1.23–6.43)

.01

1.24 (0.51–3.02)

.64

 Chronic pulmonary disease

2.50 (1.44–4.34)

<.01

1.48 (0.80–2.72)

.21

 Osteoarthritis

1.90 (1.08–3.36)

.03

0.92 (0.49–1.73)

.79

 Malignancy

2.14 (0.30–15.32)

.45

  

Degree of urbanization

 Urban

Reference

   

 Suburban

1.39 (0.90–2.15)

.14

1.36 (0.88–2.10)

.17

 Rural

1.74 (0.91–3.36)

.10

1.46 (0.75–2.82)

.27

Income group

 Low income

Reference

   

 Medium income

0.91 (0.59–1.40)

.66

  

 High income

0.68 (0.35–1.30)

.24

  
  1. HR indicates hazard ratio; CI indicates confidence interval