From: Hip, vertebral, and wrist fracture risks and schizophrenia: a nationwide longitudinal study
Predictive variables | Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
HR (95% CI) | P value | HR (95% CI) | P value | |
Schizophrenia | 0.96 (0.58–1.61) | .89 | 0.96 (0.57–1.61) | .88 |
Age (< 60 = 0, ≥60 = 1) | 4.61 (2.95–7.21) | <.01 | 3.51 (2.01–6.13) | <.01* |
Sex (Female = 1, Male = 0) | 1.49 (0.99–2.25) | .06 | 1.37 (0.90–2.08) | .14 |
Comorbidities | ||||
 Hypertension | 2.52 (1.55–4.09) | <.01 | 1.11 (0.60–2.07) | .74 |
 Diabetes mellitus | 1.97 (1.05–3.70) | .04 | 0.88 (0.42–1.82) | .72 |
 Dyslipidemia | 2.41 (1.41–4.14) | <.01 | 1.45 (0.76–2.77) | .26 |
 Coronary artery disease | 0.05 (0.01–111,081) | .68 |  |  |
 Congestive heart failure | 3.10 (0.98–9.79) | .05 | 0.92 (0.27–3.14) | .90 |
 Cerebrovascular disease | 2.81 (1.23–6.43) | .01 | 1.24 (0.51–3.02) | .64 |
 Chronic pulmonary disease | 2.50 (1.44–4.34) | <.01 | 1.48 (0.80–2.72) | .21 |
 Osteoarthritis | 1.90 (1.08–3.36) | .03 | 0.92 (0.49–1.73) | .79 |
 Malignancy | 2.14 (0.30–15.32) | .45 |  |  |
Degree of urbanization | ||||
 Urban | Reference |  |  |  |
 Suburban | 1.39 (0.90–2.15) | .14 | 1.36 (0.88–2.10) | .17 |
 Rural | 1.74 (0.91–3.36) | .10 | 1.46 (0.75–2.82) | .27 |
Income group | ||||
 Low income | Reference |  |  |  |
 Medium income | 0.91 (0.59–1.40) | .66 |  |  |
 High income | 0.68 (0.35–1.30) | .24 |  |  |