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Table 1 Personal characteristics of the participants with or without depressive symptoms (n = 185)

From: Prevalence and biopsychosocial factors associated with depressive symptoms among patients living with systemic lupus erythematosus in clinical settings in urban Thailand

 

Total (%)

Depressed

Non-depressed

p-value

N (%)

N (%)

Sex

 Female

178 (96.2)

79 (44.4)

99 (55.6)

0.142‡

 Male

7 (3.8)

1 (14.3)

6 (85.7)

 

Age (year)

 18–35

55 (29.7)

24 (43.6)

31 (56.4)

0.944†

 36–59

130 (70.3)

56 (43.1)

74 (56.9)

 

(Min = 19, Max = 59, Mean = 42.16, SD = 10.78)

Marital status

 Single

97 (52.4)

46 (47.4)

51 (52.6)

0.051‡

 Married

69 (37.3)

22 (31.9)

47 (68.1)

 

 Divorce

12 (6.5)

8 (66.7)

4 (33.3)

 

 Widowed

7 (3.8)

4 (57.1)

3 (42.9)

 

Religion

 Buddhism

177 (95.7)

75 (42.4)

102 (57.6)

0.157‡

 Christianity

4 (2.2)

2 (50.0)

2 (50.0)

 

 Islam

3 (1.6)

3 (100.0)

0 (0)

 

 Hindu

1 (.5)

0 (0)

1 (100.0)

 

Education

 No formal education

5 (2.7)

3 (60.0)

2 (40.0)

0.553†

 Primary

20 (10.8)

11 (55.0)

9 (45.0)

 

 Secondary

65 (35.1)

30 (46.2)

35 (53.8)

 

 Bachelor

79 (42.7)

30 (38.0)

49 (62.0)

 

 Post-graduate

16 (8.6)

6 (37.5)

10 (62.5)

 

Occupation

 Unemployment

52 (28.1)

27 (51.9)

25 (48.1)

0.645†

 Civil servant

36 (19.5)

13 (36.1)

23 (63.9)

 

 Employee

35 (18.9)

15 (42.9)

20 (57.1)

 

 Self-employed

34 (18.4)

12 (35.3)

22 (64.7)

 

 Labor

24 (13.0)

11 (45.8)

13 (54.2)

 

 Agriculturist

4 (2.2)

2 (50.0)

2 (50.0)

 

Right to access healthcare

 Social security scheme

72 (38.9)

28 (38.9)

44 (61.1)

0.509†

 Universal scheme

68 (36.8)

33 (48.5)

35 (51.5)

 

 Cash or insurance

45 (24.3)

19 (42.2)

26 (57.8)

 

Family

 Single

150 (81.1)

66 (44.0)

84 (56.0)

0.667‡

 Extend

35 (18.9)

14 (40.0)

21 (60.0)

 

Family members (persons)

 1–3

107 (57.8)

51 (47.7)

56 (52.3)

0.166†

 4–5

60 (32.4)

20 (33.3)

40 (66.7)

 

  > 5

18 (9.7)

9 (50.0)

9 (50.0)

 

(Min = 1, Max = 11, Mean = 3.54, SD = 1.72)

Household monthly income (baht)

  < 10,000

5 (2.7)

4 (80.0)

1 (20.0)

0.262†

 10,000–25,000

63 (34.1)

31 (49.2)

32 (50.8)

 

 25,001–40,000

38 (20.5)

16 (42.1)

22 (57.9)

 

 40,001–60,000

46 (24.9)

17 (37.0)

29 (63.0)

 

  > 60,000

33 (17.8)

12 (36.4)

21 (63.6)

 

(Min = 3000, Max = 200,000, Mean = 45,262.76, SD = 35,516.22)

Household income sufficiency

 Leftover

90 (48.6)

30 (33.3)

60 (66.7)

0.008†

 No leftover

95 (51.4)

50 (52.6)

45 (47.4)

 
  1. †the p-value associated with Chi-square test
  2. ‡p-value from Fisher’s Exact test