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Table 2 Clinical characteristics of the participants with or without depressive symptoms (n = 185)

From: Prevalence and biopsychosocial factors associated with depressive symptoms among patients living with systemic lupus erythematosus in clinical settings in urban Thailand

 

Total

Depressed

Non-depressed

p-value

N (%)

N (%)

Duration of disease (year)

  ≤ 5

39 (21.1)

17 (43.6)

22 (56.4)

0.847†

 6–10

51 (27.6)

20 (39.2)

31 (60.8)

 

 11–20

68 (36.8)

32 (47.1)

36 (52.9)

 

  > 20

27 (14.6)

11 (40.7)

16 (59.3)

 

(Min = 0.50, Max = 38, Mean = 12.84, SD = 8.09)

Prednisolone (mg/day)

 Unused

51 (27.6)

18 (35.3)

33 (64.7)

0.004†

 1–5

89 (48.1)

32 (36.0)

57 (64.0)

 

 6–14

13 (7.0)

8 (61.5)

5 (38.5)

 

  ≥ 15

32 (17.3)

22 (68.8)

10 (31.2)

 

(Min = 0, Max = 40, Mean = 5.90, SD = 7.71)

Disease flares

 Non-disease flare

145 (78.4)

54 (37.2)

91 (62.8)

0.005†

 Disease flare

40 (21.6)

26 (65.0)

14 (35.0)

 

Disease flares in body systems (≥ 1 answer)

 Kidney system

16 (8.6)

12 (75.0)

4 (25.0)

0.007†

 Muscle and joints

7 (3.8)

6 (85.7)

1 (14.3)

0.044‡

 Hematology

7 (3.8)

5 (71.4)

2 (28.6)

0.242‡

Skin

11 (5.9)

5 (45.5)

6 (54.5)

1.000‡

Other congenital diseases

 Nom-congenital disease

24 (13.0)

8 (33.3)

16 (66.7)

0.294†

 Have congenital disease

161 (87.0)

72 (44.7)

89 (55.3)

 

Congenital disease (≥ 1 answer)

 Lupus nephritis

87 (47.0)

36 (37.6)

51 (49.4)

0.630†

 Hypertension

36 (19.5)

16 (44.4)

20 (55.6)

0.871†

 Dyslipidemia

25 (13.5)

10 (40.0)

15 (60.0)

0.725†

 Anemia

18 (97.0)

9 (50.0)

9 (50.0)

0.543†

 Diabetes

15 (8.1)

8 (53.3)

7 (46.7)

0.411†

 Avascular necrosis

15 (8.1)

3 (20.0)

12 (80.0)

0.061†

 Discoid

13 (7.0)

8 (61.5)

5 (38.5)

0.167†

 Osteoporosis

12 (6.5)

7 (58.3)

5 (41.7)

0.275†

 Premature menopause

12 (6.5)

4 (33.3)

8 (66.7)

0.474†

 Rheumatoid arthritis

10 (5.4)

5 (50.0)

5 (50.0)

0.748‡

 Chronic kidney disease

9 (4.9)

6 (66.7)

3 (33.3)

0.178‡

Body Mass Index

 Normal

91 (49.2)

29 (31.9)

62 (68.1)

0.008†

 Underweight

31 (16.8)

16 (51.6)

15 (48.4)

 

 Overweight

63 (34.1)

35 (55.6)

28 (44.4)

 

(Min = 14.52, Max = 60.40, Mean = 23.10, SD = 5.77)

  1. †the p-value associated with Chi-square test
  2. ‡p-value from Fisher’s Exact test