Culture-dependent and universal constructs and promoting factors for the process of personal recovery in users of mental health services: qualitative findings from Japan

Table 1 Demographic characteristics of the participants (N = 30)

	N (mean)	% (SD)^a
Age, years	(40.4)	(12.9)
Gender
Male	16	53.3
Female	14	46.7
Classification of mental disorder
Schizophrenia	15	50.0
Mood disorders	8	26.7
Other	7	23.3
Living situation
Single	8	26.7
With family	18	60.0
Other	4	13.3
Years of education
Less than high school	3	10.0
High school	13	43.3
University	14	46.7
Marital status
Single/never married	22	73.3
Married	6	20.0
Other	2	6.7
Employment/studying
Studying	2	6.7
Employed (paying job)	13	43.3
Other	15	50.0
Service use
Medications/ therapy	12	40.0
Day care service	9	30.0
Employment support service	5	16.7
Other	4	13.3
History of psychiatric hospitalization
0	12	40.0
≥ 1	18	60.0
Questionnaires (self-report)
QPR-J^b	(65.5)	(10.2)
WHO-5-J^c	(15.9)	(3.3)
WHODAS II-J^d	(16.3)	(12.1)

^a SD standard deviation
^b QPR-J The Japanese version of the Questionnaire about the Process of Recovery
^c WHO-5-J The Japanese version of the WHO-Five Well-Being Index
^d WHODAS II-J The Japanese version of the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule II

ISSN: 1471-244X