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Table 1 Sociodemographic and clinical baseline data and comparisons between those with no/some depression symptoms at baseline, and those who are symptomatic at baseline

From: Remote Assessment of Disease and Relapse in Major Depressive Disorder (RADAR-MDD): recruitment, retention, and data availability in a longitudinal remote measurement study

 

Total Sample

No/Some Baseline Depression Symptomsa (n = 245)

High Baseline Depression Symptoms (n = 378)b

P-value

Total, N(%)

 

623 (100.0)

245 (39.3)

378 (60.7)

 

London, N(%)

 

350 (56.2)

149 (60.8)

201 (53.2)

0.005

Barcelona, N(%)

 

155 (24.9)

44 (18.0)

111 (29.4)

 

Amsterdam, N(%)

 

118 (18.9)

52 (21.2)

66 (17.5)

 

Socio-demographics

     

Age, M(SD)

 

46.4 (15.3)

48.2 (15.4)

45.1 (15.0)

0.013

Gender, N(%)

Female

471 (75.6)

171 (69.8)

300 (79.4)

0.007

Marital Status, N(%)

Single/separated/divorced/widowed

332 (53.3)

119 (47.8)

213 (56.2)

0.070

Married/cohabiting/LTR

291 (46.7)

125 (51.2)

166 (43.8)

 

Aggregated Ethnicity, N(%)*

White British/Dutch

369 (78.9)

163 (81.1)

206 (77.2)

0.262

White Other

35 (7.5)

18 (9.0)

17 (6.4)

 

Black ethnic group

14 (3.0)

3 (1.5)

11 (4.1)

 

Asian ethnic group

16 (3.4)

7 (3.5)

9 (3.4)

 

Mixed ethnic background

16 (3.4)

5 (2.5)

11 (4.1)

 

Other

18 (3.9)

5 (2.5)

13 (4.9)

 

Employment Status

Employed/furloughed

260 (41.7)

120 (49.2)

140 (36.9)

< 0.0001

Unemployed/sick leave

134 (21.5)

35 (14.3)

99 (26.1)

 

Student

68 (10.9)

21 (8.6)

47 (12.4)

 

Retired

123 (19.7)

58 (23.8)

65 (17.2)

 

Not reported

38 (6.1)

10 (4.1)

28 (7.4)

 

Total years in education, M(SD)

16.4 (6.5)

17.0 (6.7)

16.1 (6.3)

0.085

Benefits Receipt, N(%)

Yes

275 (44.1)

91 (37.1)

184 (48.7)

0.005

Accommodation type, N(%)

Own outright/with mortgage

368 (59.1)

150 (61.5)

218 (57.5)

0.425

Renting

216 (34.7)

83 (34.0)

133 (35.1)

 

Living rent-free

29 (4.7)

9 (3.7)

20 (5.3)

 

Not reported

10 (1.6)

2 (0.8)

8 (2.1)

 

Household income per annum, N(%)

<£/€15,000

154 (24.8)

43 (17.6)

111 (29.4)

0.003

£/€15,000 – 55,000

354 (57.0)

143 (58.4)

211 (55.8)

 

>£€55,000

98 (15.8)

52 (21.2)

46 (12.2)

 

Prefer not to say

10 (1.6)

3 (1.2)

7 (1.9)

 

Unknown

5 (0.8)

3 (1.2)

2 (0.5)

 

Clinical Characteristics

     

Current smoker, N(%)

Yes

126 (20.2)

38 (15.5)

88 (23.3)

0.014

Medical comorbidity, N(%)

Yes

343 (55.1)

111 (45.3)

232 (61.4)

< 0.0001

Lifetime traumatic events, N(%)

None

66 (10.6)

28 (11.4)

38 (10.1)

0.440

1–5

360 (57.8)

149 (60.8)

212 (56.1)

 

6–12

185 (29.7)

65 (26.5)

121 (32.0)

 

Not reported

12 (1.9)

3 (1.2)

7 (1.9)

 

Current depression

IDS-SR total, M(SD)

31.3 (14.5)

17.5 (8.3)

39.7 (10.5)

< 0.0001

None (0–13), N(%)

61 (10.1)

61 (24.9)

0 (0.0)

< 0.0001

Mild (14–25), N(%)

157 (25.9)

157 (64.1)

0 (0.0)

 

Moderate (26–38), N(%)

206 (33.9)

4 (1.6)

202 (53.4)

 

Severe (39–48), N(%)

104 (17.1)

5 (2.0)

99 (26.2)

 

Very severe (49–84), N(%)

79 (13.0)

2 (0.8)

77 (20.4)

 

Not reported

16 (2.6)

16 (6.5)

0 (0.0)

 

Suicidal ideation, N(%)

Yes

110 (17.7)

13 (5.3)

97 (25.7)

< 0.0001

Taking antidepressants, N(%)

Yes

408 (65.5)

142 (58.0)

266 (70.4)

0.004

Current anxiety

GAD7 total, M(SD)

8.8 (5.7)

5.3 (4.2)

11.0 (5.0)

< 0.0001

≥10, N(%)

270 (43.3)

46 (18.9)

224 (59.1)

< 0.0001

Current functional disability

WSAS total, M(SD)

19.3 (11.1)

12.0 (9.9)

23.9 (9.1)

< 0.0001

No impairment (0–10), N(%)

155 (24.9)

126 (51.4)

29 (7.7)

< 0.0001

Some impairment (11–20), N(%)

154 (24.7)

57 (23.3)

97 (25.7)

 

Significant impairment (> 20), N(%)

314 (50.4)

62 (25.3)

252 (66.7)

 

Alcohol use

AUDIT total, M(SD)

3.2 (4.4)

3.9 (4.6)

2.8 (4.3)

0.005

Low risk (0–7), N(%)

528 (84.8)

198 (80.8)

330 (87.3)

0.242

Medium risk (8–15), N(%)

52 (8.4)

25 (10.2)

27 (7.1)

 

High risk (16–19), N(%)

10 (1.6)

5 (2.0)

5 (1.3)

 

Addiction likely (> 19), N(%)

8 (1.3)

5 (2.0)

3 (0.8)

 

Not reported

25 (4.0)

12 (4.9)

13 (3.4)

 

Illness Perceptions, M(SD)

Consequences

6.1 (2.8)

4.5 (2.8)

7.1 (2.3)

< 0.0001

Timeline

7.1 (3.1)

5.8 (3.6)

7.9 (2.4)

< 0.0001

Personal Control

4.2 (2.7)

4.8 (2.7)

3.8 (2.6)

< 0.0001

Treatment Control

6.0 (2.8)

6.7 (2.9)

5.5 (2.6)

< 0.0001

Identity

5.9 (2.5)

4.5 (2.6)

6.7 (2.0)

< 0.0001

Concern

6.3 (2.9)

4.9 (3.0)

7.2 (2.5)

< 0.0001

Understanding

6.8 (2.8)

7.2 (2.7)

6.6 (2.9)

0.012

Emotional Response

7.1 (2.5)

6.1 (2.9)

7.9 (2.0)

< 0.0001

Baseline aRMT PHQ8

PHQ8 total, M(SD)

10.9 (6.0)

6.4 (4.6)

13.7 (5.0)

< 0.0001

≥10, N(%)

371 (59.6)

69 (28.3)

302 (79.7)

< 0.0001

Baseline aRMT RSES (N = 545)

RSES total, M(SD)

36.8 (2.3)

36.7 (2.4)

36.9 (2.3)

0.277

  1. a total number of participants not indicated as symptomatic. b total number of symptomatic: participants meeting criteria for MDD on the CIDI-SF and scoring > 25 on the IDS-SR. LTR Long Term Relationship. *Ethnicity data not collected at Spanish site (N = 155), percentages reported out of 468 individuals. Ethnicity data aggregated according to recommendations provided here: https://www.ethnicity-facts-figures.service.gov.uk/style-guide/writing-about-ethnicity. IDS-SR Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology – Self Report. GAD7 7-item questionnaire for Generalised Anxiety Disorder. WSAS Work and Social Adjustment Scale. AUDIT Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test. BIPQ Brief Illness Perceptions Questionnaire. PHQ8 8-item Patient Health Questionnaire. RSES Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. M(SD) Mean (Standard Deviation)