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Table 2 Risk of anxiety and depression at follow-up associated with number of chronic pain sites at baseline

From: The interplay between multisite pain and insomnia on the risk of anxiety and depression: the HUNT study

 

Anxiety and/or depressiona

Anxietyb

Depressionc

Chronic pain variables

No. of persons

No. of cases

Age-adjusted RRd

Multi-adjusted, RRe (95% CI)

No. of cases

Age-adjusted RRd

Multi-adjusted RRe (95% CI)

No. of cases

Age-adjusted RRd

Multi-adjusted RRe (95% CI)

No chronic pain

9380

962

1.00

1.00 (reference)

730

1.00

1.00 (reference)

394

1.00

1.00 (reference)

 1–2 pain sites

4161

482

1.14

1.13 (1.02–1.25)

352

1.14

1.13 (1.00–1.28)

240

1.32

1.30 (1.11–1.52)

 3–4 pain sites

2865

401

1.39

1.34 (1.19–1.50)

302

1.47

1.38 (1.21–1.57)

166

1.30

1.29 (1.08–1.54)

 ≥5 pain sites

1895

310

1.64

1.54 (1.36–1.75)

231

1.76

1.60 (1.38–1.85)

126

1.45

1.45 (1.18–1.76)

  1. CI confidence interval, RR risk ratio
  2. aHADS-A ≥ 8 and/or HADS-D ≥ 8;bHADS-A ≥ 8 and any HADS-D;cHADS-D ≥ 8 and any HADS-A
  3. dAdjusted for age (continuous)
  4. eMulti-adjusted for age (continuous), sex (women, men), body mass index (continuous), smoking (never, former or occasional, current), alcohol consumption (no alcohol abuse, possible alcohol abuse), physical activity level (inactive, low activity, moderate activity, high activity)