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Table 2 Academic performance and CBCL/YSR syndrome scores before and after intervention overall and by region

From: The feasibility of using life skills training in primary schools to improve mental health and academic performance: a pilot study in Kenya

Subject &

Syndrome

Time

Overall

Peri-Urban

Rural

N

Mean ± SD

P-Value†

N

Mean ± SD

P-Value†

N

Mean ±SD

P-Value†

Academic Performance and CBCL syndrome scores Before and After intervention Lower Classes (2-4) 

 Aggregate

Before

976

244.1±70.8

<0.0001

547

243.3±68.9

<0.0001

429

245.2±73.2

<0.0001

 marks

After

256.8±71.5

257.1±72.5

256.5±70.5

 English

Before

972

47.8±14.5

<0.0001

545

48.8±15.0

<0.0001

427

46.5±13.7

<0.0001

After

51.1±16.2

52.5±16.5

49.4±15.6

 Kiswahili

Before

973

52.2±17.1

<0.0001

545

52.1±18.1

<0.0001

428

52.4±15.9

<0.0001

After

56.2±16.7

56.4±17.2

55.9±16.1

 Mathematics

Before

973

47.5±19.1

0.0003

546

45.3±16.4

0.0090

427

50.3±21.7

0.0127

After

49.3±18.5

47.0±18.0

52.1±18.7

 Science

Before

972

49.4±17.9

0.0126

546

49.3±16.6

0.0002

426

49.6±19.4

0.7402

After

50.4±17.6

51.2±17.2

49.4±17.9

 Social

Before

967

47.0±15.8

<0.0001

541

47.7±15.9

<0.0001

426

46.1±15.5

<0.0001

 Studies

After

50.5±15.8

50.4±16.3

50.7±15.3

 Attentiona

Before

795

56.0±6.0

<0.0001

459

56.3±6.2

0.0232

336

55.6±5.8

<0.0001

 

After

 

57.3±7.0

  

57.2±7.3

  

57.4±6.7

 

 Internalizinga

Before

794

60.3±10.8

<0.0001

458

60.3±10.7

0.0161

336

60.1±10.9

<0.0001

 

After

 

62.2±7.2

  

61.7±7.4

  

63.0±6.7

 

 Externalizinga

Before

795

54.2±10.8

<0.0001

459

54.7±10.9

<0.0001

336

53.5±10.5

<0.0001

 

After

 

57.9±7.2

  

57.4±7.1

  

58.4±7.3

 

 Totala

Before

795

56.7±11.6

<0.0001

459

57.2±11.8

<0.0001

336

56.1±11.4

<0.0001

 

After

 

60.2±7.6

  

59.8±7.7

  

60.8±7.5

 

Academic Performance and YSR syndrome scores Before and After intervention Upper Classes (5-7)  

 Aggregate

Before

697

232.1±46.2

<0.0001

351

233.7±50.5

<0.0001

346

230.5±41.4

<0.0001

 marks

After

243.4±48.7

240.6±52.9

246.2±43.8

 English

Before

695

47.2±10.6

<0.0001

350

48.3±11.7

0.0052

345

46.0±9.1

<0.0001

After

49.9±10.2

49.5±11.4

50.2±8.8

 Kiswahili

Before

694

49.7±9.8

0.0006

351

49.4±10.9

0.0019

343

49.9±8.5

0.0812

After

51.0±10.9

51.0±11.8

50.9±9.9

 Mathematics

Before

695

40.6±13.6

0.0001

350

36.9±12.5

0.0001

345

44.4±13.7

0.0958

After

42.4±14.6

39.4±14.0

45.5±14.6

 Science

Before

696

48.5±14.6

<0.0001

350

49.8±15.7

0.1340

346

47.1±13.3

<0.0001

After

50.7±14.6

50.8±15.6

50.6±13.4

 Social

Before

695

46.5±11.6

<0.0001

349

49.3±12.6

0.4229

346

43.6±9.9

<0.0001

 Studies

After

49.2±13.1

49.7±13.4

48.6±12.8

 Attentiona

Before

577

53.6±6.3

0.0013

295

54.1±6.6

0.0904

282

53.1±5.9

0.0030

 

After

 

52.7±4.9

  

53.4±5.1

  

51.9±4.6

 

 Internalizinga

Before

577

59.5±10.2

<0.0001

295

60.6±9.6

<0.0001

282

58.4±10.7

<0.0001

 

After

 

53.1±5.2

  

54.2±5.5

  

52.0±4.5

 

 Externalizinga

Before

577

50.8±11.5

0.0358

295

51.9±11.1

0.6989

282

49.5±11.8

0.0103

 

After

 

51.8±4.3

  

52.2±4.6

  

51.3±4.0

 

 Totala

Before

577

55.0±11.7

<0.0001

295

56.5±11.1

<0.0001

282

53.3±12.1

0.0145

 

After

 

52.4±4.8

  

53.1±5.2

  

51.6±4.3

 
  1. †CBCL for Class 2 to 4 and YSR for Class 5 to 7; aMultivariate Pillai test