From: Measurement invariance of the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale (GAD-7) across four European countries during the COVID-19 pandemic
Predictor
Latent variable
Depression
Anxiety
Age (years)
-0.302***
-0.255***
Sex (female)
0.083***
0.128***
Ireland
0.021
-0.011
Spain
0.092***
0.073***
Italy
0.117***
0.075***
R-square
0.114***
0.096***