Variables | PTSD | Intrusion subscale | Avoidance subscale | Hyperarousal subscale | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 | |
Socio-demographics characteristics | ||||||||||||||||
Sex (male) | -0.05 | -0.00 | -0.01 | 0.01 | -0.03 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.03 | -0.04 | -0.01 | -0.01 | 0.00 | -0.07* | -0.02 | -0.02 | 0.00 |
Age | -0.00 | 0.03 | 0.05 | 0.12** | 0.08 | 0.10* | 0.16* | 0.18*** | 0.02 | 0.04 | 0.05 | 0.10* | -0.11* | -0.06 | -0.04 | 0.03 |
Education | -0.04 | -0.02 | -0.00 | 0.01 | -0.02 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.03 | -0.04 | -0.02 | -0.01 | 0.00 | -0.04 | -0.03 | -0.01 | 0.00 |
Employment (part-time) | -0.08* | -0.06* | -0.06* | -0.03 | -0.06 | -0.05 | -0.05 | -0.03 | -0.06 | -0.05 | -0.06 | -0.03 | -0.08* | -0.06* | -0.06* | -0.02 |
Employment (unemployed) | -0.04 | -0.01 | -0.03 | -0.00 | -0.06 | -0.03 | -0.04 | -0.03 | -0.02 | 0.01 | -0.00 | 0.02 | -0.04 | -0.01 | -0.03 | -0.00 |
Employment (retired) | -0.06 | -0.07 | -0.08 | -0.07* | -0.06 | -0.07 | -0.07 | -0.07* | -0.06 | -0.07 | -0.07 | -0.07 | -0.03 | -0.05 | -0.05 | -0.04 |
Employment (student) | -0.08 | -0.05 | -0.05 | -0.04 | -0.07 | -0.04 | -0.04 | -0.03 | -0.06 | -0.04 | -0.04 | -0.03 | -0.09* | -0.06 | -0.06 | -0.05 |
Marital status (unmarried) | -0.03 | -0.00 | -0.01 | 0.01 | -0.04 | -0.02 | -0.03 | -0.00 | -0.00 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.03 | -0.03 | -0.01 | -0.02 | -0.00 |
Marital status (others) | 0.01 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.00 | -0.04 | -0.01 | -0.01 | -0.03 | 0.05 | 0.07* | 0.07* | 0.05 | -0.00 | 0.01 | 0.01 | -0.02 |
Income | -0.02 | 0.01 | 0.01 | -0.04 | -0.01 | 0.01 | 0.02 | -0.02 | -0.04 | -0.03 | -0.03 | -0.05 | 0.01 | 0.04 | 0.04 | -0.01 |
Residence (urban) | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.03 | -0.01 | -0.01 | -0.01 | -0.01 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.04* |
Live (alone) | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.02 | 0.05 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.02 | -0.02 | -0.01 | -0.02 | 0.00 |
Live (hospital) | 0.01 | -0.00 | -0.01 | -0.00 | 0.04 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.02 | -0.00 | -0.02 | -0.02 | -0.02 | -0.01 | -0.01 | -0.02 | -0.01 |
Live (others) | -0.06* | -0.06 | -0.05 | -0.03 | -0.05 | -0.04 | -0.03 | -0.02 | -0.07* | -0.06 | -0.05 | -0.05 | -0.05 | -0.04 | -0.03 | -0.02 |
Infection (yes) | 0.02 | -0.01 | -0.01 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.00 | -0.02 | -0.02 | 0.01 |
Substance use | 0.14*** | 0.06* | 0.05 | -0.01 | 0.11** | 0.05 | 0.04 | -0.01 | 0.12*** | 0.06 | 0.05 | 0.01 | 0.15*** | 0.06 | 0.05 | -0.02 |
Medication (yes) | -0.00 | -0.05 | -0.03 | -0.05 | -0.03 | -0.08* | -0.06 | -0.08* | 0.01 | -0.03 | -0.02 | -0.03 | 0.02 | -0.03 | -0.01 | -0.04 |
Diagnosis (anxiety) | 0.04 | 0.06 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.06 | 0.07 | 0.06 | 0.07 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.03 | 0.02 |
Diagnosis (depression) | 0.11** | 0.07 | 0.04 | -0.04 | 0.10 | 0.06 | 0.04 | -0.03 | 0.04 | 0.01 | -0.01 | -0.05 | 0.18*** | 0.12** | 0.09* | -0.02 |
Diagnosis (bipolar) | 0.07 | 0.01 | -0.00 | 0.01 | 0.06* | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.05 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.07 | -0.00 | -0.01 | -0.01 |
COVID-19-related factors | ||||||||||||||||
Fear of pandemic | 0.27*** | 0.27*** | 0.20*** | 0.31*** | 0.31*** | 0.25*** | 0.22*** | 0.22*** | 0.17*** | 0.19*** | 0.19*** | 0.11*** | ||||
Increased pressure | 0.37*** | 0.32*** | 0.04 | 0.27*** | 0.24*** | 0.01 | 0.23*** | 0.20*** | 0.02 | 0.50*** | 0.44*** | 0.09* | ||||
Psychiatric treatment | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.05 | 0.07* | 0.07* | 0.06* | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.03 | 0.04 | 0.03 | ||||
Mental health guidance | -0.01 | -0.03 | -0.05* | 0.01 | -0.00 | -0.03 | -0.06 | -0.07* | -0.08** | 0.03 | 0.01 | -0.02 | ||||
Medication barrier | -0.14** | -0.12** | 0.03 | -0.10* | -0.09 | 0.03 | -0.06 | -0.05 | 0.04 | -0.22*** | -0.20*** | -0.01 | ||||
Support | ||||||||||||||||
Social support | -0.04 | -0.04 | -0.02 | -0.02 | -0.05 | -0.05 | -0.04 | -0.03 | ||||||||
Family support | -0.10** | 0.01 | -0.11** | -0.02 | -0.07 | -0.00 | -0.09** | 0.05* | ||||||||
Friends support | -0.09* | -0.03 | -0.05 | -0.00 | -0.05 | -0.02 | -0.16*** | -0.05* | ||||||||
Psychosomatic factors | ||||||||||||||||
Loneliness | 0.05 | 0.01 | 0.05 | 0.06* | ||||||||||||
Quality of life | 0.05 | 0.06 | 0.09* | -0.03 | ||||||||||||
Sleep quality | 0.04 | 0.05 | 0.00 | 0.06** | ||||||||||||
Anxiety | 0.47*** | 0.41*** | 0.35*** | 0.51*** | ||||||||||||
Depression | 0.13** | 0.11* | 0.06 | 0.19*** | ||||||||||||
Adjusted R 2 | 0.02 | 0.18 | 0.21 | 0.45 | 0.02 | 0.17 | 0.19 | 0.36 | 0.01 | 0.10 | 0.12 | 0.23 | 0.05 | 0.21 | 0.26 | 0.62 |
â–³R 2 | 0.02** | 0.16*** | 0.04*** | 0.24*** | 0.02** | 0.15*** | 0.02*** | 0.17*** | 0.01* | 0.09*** | 0.02*** | 0.11*** | 0.05*** | 0.16*** | 0.05*** | 0.35*** |