Table 4 Associations of SAPS scores (PSU symptoms) and high smartphone usage time (> 2 h/d) with KIDSCREEN-27 scores (QoL) (N = 564)

Mean (sd)

52.39 (9.66)

51.10 (10.10)

55.98 (10.02)

53.17 (11.16)

54.02 (9.63)

Simple Regression

  SAPS score (PSU symptoms)

b

-0.39

-0.44

-0.40

-0.25

-0.5

CI

-0.51—-0.28

-0.56—-0.33

-0.52—-0.28

-0.39—-0.11

-0.61—-0.38

95%

-0.27

-0.29

-0.27

-0.15

-0.34

ß

-6.77

-7.45

-6.54

-3.45

-8.49

t

 < .001

 < .001

 < .001

 < .001

 < .001

p

0.15

0.18

0.11

0.02

0.13

R²

F

 < .001

 < .001

 < .001

0.01

 < .001

  high smartphone usage time (> 2 h/d)

b

-1.06

-1.10

-0.16

-0.30

-1.76

CI

-2.80 – 0.68

-2.90 – 0.70

-2.00 – 1.68

-2.40 – 1.80

-3.55 – 0.02

95%

-0.05

-0.05

-0.01

-0.01

-0.09

ß

-1.20

-1.20

-0.17

-0.28

-1.94

t

0.23

0.23

0.86

0.78

0.05

p

0.08

0.10

0.05

0.001

0.03

R²

F

 < .001

 < .001

 < .001

0.98

0.001

Multiple Regression

  SAPS score (PSU symptoms)

b

-0.39

-0.45

-0.42

-0.25

-0.49

CI

-0.51—-0.28

-0.57 – -0.33

-0.54—-0.29

-0.40—-0.11

-0.61—-0.37

95%

-0.27

-0.27

-0.27

-0.15

-0.34

ß

-6.64

-7.34

-6.63

-3.46

-8.24

t

 < .001

 < .001

 < .001

 < .001

 < .001

p

  high smartphone usage time (> 2 h/d)

b

0.04

0.15

1.00

0.41

-0.38

CI

-1.67 – 1.75

-1.60 – 1.91

-0.81 – 2.81

-1.71 – 2.53

-2.10 – 1.34

95%

0.002

0.05

0.05

0.02

-0.02

ß

0.05

0.17

1.09

0.38

-0.43

T

0.96

0.86

0.28

0.70

0.66

p

R²

0.15

0.18

0.11

0.02

0.13

F

 < .001

 < .001

 < .001

0.03

 < .001