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Table 4 Negative and positive symptoms in the childhood psychiatric history of adults presenting schizophrenia and mood spectrum disorder (n=205)

From: The mood disorder spectrum vs. schizophrenia decision tree: EDIPHAS research into the childhood and adolescence of 205 patients

 

Schizophrenia n=123

Mood spectrum disorder n=82

Chi2/Fisher

Symptoms

Number of Patients (% of the population)

Age at Onset (in years) Mean (SD)

Number of Patients (% of the population)

Age at Onset (in years) Mean (SD)°

p value

Negative symptoms

     

  Withdrawal/social isolation

66 (53.7%)

1.,2 (4.4)

26 (31.7%)

13.2 (3.9)

0.002*

  Poverty of speech

42 (34.1%)

14.7 (2.5)

5 (6.1%)

15.6 (1.3)

<0.0001*

  Emotional coldness

34 (27.6%)

15.4 (1.6)

12 (14.6%)

16 (1.3)

0.029*

  Relational disturbances involving inhibition

39 (31.7%)

10.7 (4.9)

24 (29.3%)

7.9 (4.8)

0.711

  Reluctance/refusal of contact

32 (26%)

14.6 (2.7)

13 (15.9%)

15.1 (2.6)

0.085

  Avolition/aboulia

44 (35.8%)

15.5 (1.6)

6 (7.3%)

16.2 (1)

<0.0001*

  Self-neglect

18 (14.6%)

14.4 (2.1)

3 (3.7%)

12.7 (4.9)

0.011*

  Stereotypies

25 (20.3%)

11.5 (5.6)

0 (0%)

-

<0.0001*

Positive and discordant symptoms

     

  Bizarre behaviours

62 (50.4%)

14.7 (2.9)

10 (12.2%)

15.8 (1.2)

<0.0001*

  Disorganisation, dissociation

42 (34.1%)

15.1 (2.2)

6 (7.3%)

16 (1.3)

<0.0001*

  Atypical phobias

6 (4.9%)

13 (5.3)

0 (0%)

-

0.083

  Fragmentation anxiety, fragmentation

14 (11.4%)

13.9 (3.7)

3 (3.7%)

14.7 (0.6)

0.049*

  Thought disorders

43 (35%)

15 (2.2)

3 (3.7%)

15.7 (1.5)

<0.0001*

  Confabulation/invasive imagery

16 (13%)

14.3 (3)

2 (2.4%)

15.5 (0.7)

0.009*

  Delusional ideation

39 (31.7%)

15.1 (2.1)

6 (7.3%)

16 (1.1)

<0.0001*

  Derealisation/depersonalisation

20 (16.3%)

14.9 (2.1)

5 (6.1%)

16 (1.4)

0.029*

  Auditory hallucinations

33 (26.8%)

15.3 (1.4)

7 (8.5%)

15.3 (1.4)

0.001*

  Visual hallucinations

25 (20.3%)

14.6 (2.1)

5 (6.1%)

15.4 (1.5)

0.005*

  Cenesthetic hallucinations

10 (8.1%)

15.3 (2.8)

1 (1.2%)

15

0.053

  Persecution, suspicion

55 (44.7%)

15.3 (1.6)

12 (14.6%)

15.3 (2.7)

<0.0001*

  Other delusions

4 (3.3%)

15.5 (1.3)

2 (2.4%)

16 (1.4)

1.000

Other symptoms

     

  Significant modification of behaviour/functioning

64 (52%)

14.9 (1.8)

19 (23.1%)

14.2 (2.2)

<0.0001*

  Diagnosis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

3 (2.4%)

11 (3.5)

2 (2.4%)

11 (5.7)

1.000

  1. Legends: SD Standard Deviation, * significant result with p<0.05; the Chi2 or Fisher’s exact test was applied