Table 1 Overview of included studies

Brunoni et al., 2014 [27]

Anodal tDCS

Cognitive control therapy

Major depressive disorder (MDD)

37(20/17)

IG: 46.1(10.4)

CG: 41.5(10.6)

IG: 7/13

CG: 4/13

IG: 17.4(15.8) M

CG: 9.2(9.2) M

HDRS-21

BDI

Guinot et al., 2021 [28]

HF-rTMS

Exercise training

Fibromyalgia

(FM)

39(20/19)

IG: 46.5(10.4)

CG: 42.8(8.8)

IG: 18/0

CG: 15/4

IG: 11.2(10.9) Y

CG: 9.2(9.6) Y

BDI

Khayyer et al., 2018 [29]

Anodal tDCS

Positive psychotherapy

MDD

9(3/3/3)

45

N/A

N/A

HDRS

Lagueux et al., 2018 [30]

Anodal tDCS

Graded motor imagery

Complex regional pain syndrome

22(11/11)

IG: 41(9)

CG: 53(10)

IG: 8/3

CG: 6/5

IG: 36(26) M

CG: 37(26) M

BDI-II

Lee and Kim, 2018 [31]

LF-rTMS

Neurodevelopmental therapy

Traumatic brain injury

13(7/6)

IG: 42.42(11.32)

CG: 41.33(11.02)

IG: 2/5

CG: 2/4

IG: 3.85(1.67) M

CG: 3.88(1.94) M

MADRS

Li et al., 2021 [32]

HF-rTMS

Occupational therapy

Morphine dependence

100(50/50)

IG: 33.8 (7.5)

CG: 36.2 (8.0)

IG: 14/36

CG: 11/39

IG: 6.8(3.6) Y

CG: 7.1(3.3) Y

SDS

Manenti et al., 2016 [33]

Anodal tDCS

Physical therapy

Parkinson

20(10/10)

IG: 69.0 (9.1)

CG: 69.1 (5.6)

IG: 6/4

CG: 3/7

IG: 7.1(3.6) Y

CG: 7.8(4.2) Y

BDI-II

Manenti et al., 2018 [34]

Anodal tDCS

Computerized cognitive training

Parkinson

22(11/11)

IG: 65.5(6.4)

CG: 63.8(7.1)

IG: 6/5

CG: 4/7

IG: 6.2(3.9) Y

CG: 7.6(3.4) Y

BDI-II

Martin et al., 2019 [35]

Anodal tDCS

Cognitive training

Mild cognitive impairment

68(33/35)

IG: 71.8(6.39)

CG: 71.6(6.35)

IG: 20/13

CG: 25/10

N/A

MADRS

Mendonca et al., 2016 [36]

Anodal tDCS

Aerobic exercise

FM

45(15/15/15)

IG: 44.5(14)

CG1: 48.0(11.8)

CG2: 49.9(10.6)

IG: 14/1

CG1: 15/0

CG2: 15/0

IG: 140.6(72.2) M

CG1:149.3(111.1) M

CG2: 126.6(100.2) M

BDI

Nasiri et al., 2020 [37]

Anodal tDCS

Unified protocol treatment

Generalized anxiety disorder and comorbid depression

47 (15/15/17)

IG: 20.23(2.89)

CG1: 21.53(3.56)

CG2: 20.53(2.53)

IG: 10/3

CG1: 11/4

CG2: 11/4

N/A

BDI-II

Nord et al., 2019 [38]

Anodal tDCS

Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)

MDD

39(20/19)

IG: 35.60(12.91)

CG: 31.05(8.17)

IG:9/11

CG: 11/8

N/A

BDI

HAM-D

Riberto et al., 2011 [39]

Anodal tDCS

Multidisciplinary rehabilitation program

FM

23(11/12)

IG: 58.3(12.1)

CG: 52.4(11.5)

N/A

IG: 141.63 (184.11) M

CG1: 84.11 (102.09) M

CG2: 37.33 (39.12) M

BDI

HDRS

Segrave et al., 2014 [40]

Anodal tDCS

Cognitive control training

MDD

27(9/9/9)

IG: 42.6(18.32)

CG1: 45.0(10.15)

CG2: 33.8(12.96)

IG: 2/7

CG1: 4/5

CG2: 4/5

N/A

MADRS

BDI-II

Sharma et al., 2020 [41]

LF-rTMS

Conventional physical therapy

Ischemic stroke

100(50/50)

IG: 54.85(13.39)

CG: 52.89(14.95)

IG: 14/33

CG: 15/34

N/A

HAM-D

Van Noppen et al., 2020 [42]

Anodal tDCS

Behavioral therapy

Burnout

16(8/8)

IG: 42.5(5.5)

CG: 47.4(5.3)

N/A IG: 31.31(8.17) M

CG: 10(9.63) M

BDI

Vanderhasselt et al., 2015 [43]

Anodal tDCS

Neurocognitive training

MDD

33(19/14)

IG: 42.26(10.67)

CG: 41.00(11.54)

IG: 13/6

CG: 11/3

NA

HAM-D

BDI-II