Table 1 Characteristics of the study sample (n = 138)

Patient characteristics

 Age in years, mean (SD)

68.4 (5.1)

 Female sex, n (%)

89 (64.5)

 Educational level

  Low, n (%)

33 (23.9)

  Medium, n (%)

52 (37.7)

  High, n (%)

53 (38.4)

 Number of chronic diseases treated, mean (SD)

1.9 (1.3)

Comorbid mental disorders

 Depressive disorder, n (%)

35 (25.4)

 Persistent depressive disorder, n (%)

51 (37.0)

 Social anxiety disorder, n (%)

15 (10.9)

 Panic disorder, n (%)

11 (8.0)

 Agoraphobia, n (%)

2 (1.4)

 General anxiety disorder, n (%)

18 (13.0)

 Obsessive compulsive disorder, n (%)

6 (4.3)

 Post-traumatic stress disorder, n (%)

23 (16.7)

 Somatic symptom disorder, n (%)

9 (6.5)

 Illness anxiety disorder, n (%)

3 (2.2)

 None, n (%)

29 (21.0)

 Number of comorbid mental disorders, mean (SD)

1.3 (1.0)

Personality disorders (SCID-5-PD)

 Avoidant PD

  Fully present, n (%)

49 (35.5)

  Subthreshold, n (%)

20 (14.5)

 Dependent PD

  Fully present, n (%)

12 (8.7)

  Subthreshold, n (%)

8 (5.8)

 Obsessive compulsive PD

  Fully present, n (%)

30 (21.7)

  Subthreshold, n (%)

21 (15.2)

 Histrionic PD

  Fully present, n (%)

1 (0.7)

  Subthreshold, n (%)

5 (3.6)

 Narcissistic PD

  Fully present, n (%)

4 (2.9)

  Subthreshold, n (%)

6 (4.4)

 Borderline PD

  Fully present, n (%)

21 (15.2)

  Subthreshold, n (%)

19 (13.8)

 Antisocial PD

  Fully present, n (%)

1 (0.7)

  Subthreshold, n (%)

1 (0.7)

 Number of PDs (Full or Subthreshold), mean (SD)

1.4 (0.7)

Personality functioning (SIPP-SF)

 Self-control, mean (SD)

3.0 (0.6)

 Identity integration, mean (SD)

2.4 (0.6)

 Responsibility, mean (SD)

3.3 (0.5)

 Relational capacities, mean (SD)

2.6 (0.6)

 Social concordance, mean (SD)

3.1 (0.5)

Personality traits (PID-5-SF)

 Negative affect, mean (SD)

1.4 (0.6)

 Detachment, mean (SD)

1.1 (0.6)

 Antagonism, mean (SD)

0.3 (0.4)

 Disinhibition, mean (SD)

0.9 (0.5)

 Psychoticism, mean (SD)

0.5 (0.5)