Table 6 Offending outcomes

Offending/reoffending

SMI

Mental health treatment court vs TAU

Y

Y

Y

N

N

At 12 month follow up, a similar proportion of clients in each condition had been arrested at least once and spent some time in jail (76% in the treatment group and 72% in the treatment as usual group, OR of any convictions = 1.23, 95% CI: 0.65, 2.32)

At 24 month follow up, the average number of convictions in the months since entering treatment were also not significantly different between groups (Hedges g = 0.09, 95% CI: -0.17, 0.35)

Forensic ACT vs TAU

N

Y

Y

N

N

In the first 12 months of the study, there was no difference in convictions (Hedges g = -0.14, 95% CI: -0.48, 0.20). Between 13 and 24 months into the study, the remained no significant difference in mean number of convictions (Hedges g = -0.21, 95% CI: -0.58, 0.16)

Integrated dual diagnosis treatment post-custody vs usual post-custody services

N

Y

Y

N

N

Accounting for baseline convictions, time at risk and other covariates, the difference between the percentage of control and experimental participants having any convictions was not significantly different at 18–30 month follow up when estimated in a logistic regression model (mean of 0.6 per person year vs. 0.7 per person year, z = .01, p = 0.989)

Forensic ACT vs Enhanced TAU

Y

Y

N

N

N

Those patients receiving the forensic Assertive Community Treatment intervention showed fewer mean convictions than the control group after the 12-month intervention (Hedges g = 0.47, 95% CI: -0.00, 0.95, P = 0.05)

Group/peer support vs standard services

N

N

Y

N

Y

The intervention showed no differences to the control group for mean total charges in the past 6 months (6 months Hedges g = -0.24, 95% CI: -0.62, 0.15, 12 months Hedges g = -0.30, 95% CI:-0.68, 0.09)

Prison Modified Therapeutic Community vs Mental Health Treatment programme

N

N

N

Y

Y

12 months post-prison release, there was no significant difference in new criminal activity (47% for MTC vs 67% for MH OR = 0.70, 95% CI: 0.44, 1.12), when controlling for the outcome variable at baseline, age, age at first incarceration, employment during the year prior to baseline interview, and number of residences during the year prior to the baseline interview

Prison Modified Therapeutic Community vs Standard care

N

N

N

Y

Y

The intervention group had significantly fewer participants reincarcerated (19% vs 38%, OR = 0.39, 95% CI: 0.16, 0.97) than control participants at 12 months

Mixed mental health conditions

Reasoning and rehabilitation2 + TAU vs TAU

N

N

N

Y

N

There was no significant difference between groups in the odds of not being convicted or arrested in the 18 months since baseline (OR of no recidivism = 0.55, 95% CI: 0.25, 1.21)