From: Impact of post-COVID conditions on mental health: a cross-sectional study in Japan and Sweden
 | Overview | Japanese | Swedish | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 | Total (n = 763) | Non-infected people (n = 628) | Infected people (n = 135) | Total (n = 387) | Non-infected people (n = 300) | Infected people (n = 87) | Total (n = 376) | Non-infected people (n = 328) | Infected people (n = 48) |
 | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) |
Gender | |||||||||
 Women | 269 (35.3) | 402 (64.0) | 50 (37.0) | 138 (35.7) | 107 (35.7) | 31 (35.6) | 131 (34.8) | 112 (34.1) | 19 (39.6) |
 Men | 487 (63.8) | 219 (34.9) | 85 (63.0) | 249 (64.3) | 193 (64.3) | 56 (64.4) | 238 (63.3) | 209 (63.7) | 29 (60.4) |
 Prefer not to say | 7 (0.9) | 7 (1.1) | - | - | - | - | 7 (1.9) | 7 (2.1) | - |
Age a | 36.7 ± 15.1 | 36.4 ± 15.0 | 38.3 ± 15.7 | 43.9 ± 16.6 | 43.9 ± 16.8 | 43.8 ± 15.9 | 29.3 ± 8.6 | 29.5 ± 8.6 | 28.2 ± 9.1 |
Education | |||||||||
 Junior high school graduate | 36 (4.7) | 30 (4.8) | 6 (4.4) | 10 (2.6) | 8 (2.7) | 2 (2.3) | 26 (6.9) | 22 (6.7) | 4 (8.3) |
 High school graduate | 274 (35.9) | 231 (36.8) | 43 (31.9) | 98 (25.3) | 81 (27.0) | 17 (19.5) | 176 (46.8) | 150 (45.7) | 26 (54.2) |
 Vocational school/junior college graduate | 83 (10.9) | 68 (10.8) | 15 (11.1) | 53 (13.7) | 40 (13.3) | 13 (14.9) | 30 (8.0) | 28 (8.5) | 2 (4.2) |
 University graduate or above | 370 (48.5) | 299 (47.6) | 71 (52.6) | 226 (58.4) | 171 (57.0) | 55 (63.2) | 144 (38.3) | 128 (39.0) | 16 (33.3) |
Household income | |||||||||
  ≤ 4270,000 JPY or ≤ 380,000 SEK | 367 (48.1) | 308 (49.0) | 59 (43.7) | 162 (41.9) | 130 (43.3) | 32 (36.8) | 205 (54.5) | 178 (54.3) | 27 (56.3) |
 >4270,000 JPY or > 380 000 SEK | 396 (51.9) | 320 (51.0) | 76 (56.3) | 225 (58.1) | 170 (56.7) | 55 (63.2) | 171 (45.5) | 150 (45.7) | 21 (43.8) |
Worker status | |||||||||
 Full time | 371 (48.6) | 291 (46.3) | 80 (59.3) | 208 (53.7) | 148 (49.3) | 60 (69.0) | 163 (43.4) | 143 (43.6) | 20 (41.7) |
 Part time | 76 (10.0) | 63 (10.0) | 13 (9.6) | 59 (15.2) | 48 (16.0) | 11 (12.6) | 17 (4.5) | 15 (4.6) | 2 (4.2) |
 Unemployed | 155 (20.3) | 137 (21.8) | 18 (13.3) | 88 (22.7) | 75 (25.0) | 13 (14.9) | 67 (17.8) | 62 (18.9) | 5 (10.4) |
 Student | 161 (21.1) | 137 (21.8) | 24 (17.8) | 32 (8.3) | 29 (9.7) | 3 (3.4) | 129 (34.3) | 108 (32.9) | 21 (43.8) |
Living status | |||||||||
 Alone | 202 (26.5) | 165 (26.3) | 37 (27.4) | 94 (24.3) | 72 (24.0) | 22 (25.3) | 108 (28.7) | 93 (28.4) | 15 (31.3) |
 With family or partner | 546 (71.6) | 451 (71.8) | 95 (70.4) | 290 (74.9) | 226 (75.3) | 64 (73.6) | 256 (68.1) | 225 (68.6) | 31 (64.6) |
 With others | 15 (2.0) | 12 (1.9) | 3 (2.2) | 3 (0.8) | 2 (0.7) | 1 (1.1) | 12 (3.2) | 10 (3.0) | 2 (4.2) |
Diagnosed mental disorders | |||||||||
 Yes | 226 (29.6) | 168 (26.8) | 58 (43.0) | 92 (23.8) | 53 (17.7) | 39 (44.8) | 134 (35.6) | 115 (35.1) | 19 (39.6) |
 No | 537 (70.4) | 460 (73.2) | 77 (57.0) | 295 (76.2) | 247 (82.3) | 48 (55.2) | 242 (64.4) | 213 (64.9) | 29(60.4%) |
Physical illness | |||||||||
 Yes | 192 (25.2) | 138 (22.0) | 54 (40.0) | 115 (29.7) | 68 (22.7) | 47 (54.0) | 77 (20.5) | 70 (21.3) | 7 (14.6) |
 No | 571 (74.8) | 490 (78.0) | 81 (60.0) | 272 (70.3) | 232 (77.3) | 40 (46.0) | 299 (79.5) | 258 (78.7) | 41 (85.4) |
Taken vaccine for COVID-19 | |||||||||
 Yes | 78 (10.2) | 37 (5.9) | 41 (30.4) | 41 (10.6) | 4 (1.3) | 37 (42.5) | 37 (9.8) | 33 (10.1) | 4 (8.3) |
 No | 685 (89.8) | 591 (94.1) | 94 (69.6) | 346 (89.4) | 296 (98.7) | 50 (57.5) | 339 (90.2) | 295 (89.9) | 44 (91.7) |
Infected with SARS-CoV-2 | |||||||||
 Yes | 135 (17.7) | - | 135 (17.7) | 87 (22.5) | - | 87 (22.5) | 48 (12.8) | - | 48 (12.8) |
 No | 628 (82.3) | 628 (82.3) | - | 300 (77.5) | 300 (77.5) | - | 328 (87.2) | 328 (87.2) | - |