Skip to main content

Table 2 Demographic data of participants infected with SARS-CoV-2

From: Impact of post-COVID conditions on mental health: a cross-sectional study in Japan and Sweden

 

Overview

Japanese

Swedish

 

Non-infected people

(n = 628)

Without post-COVID conditions

(n = 85)

With post-COVID conditions

(n = 50)

Non-infected people

(n = 300)

Without post-COVID conditions

(n = 51)

With post-COVID conditions

(n = 36)

Non-infected people

(n = 328)

Without post-COVID conditions

(n = 34)

With

post-COVID conditions

(n = 14)

 

n (%)

n (%)

n (%)

n (%)

n (%)

n (%)

n (%)

n (%)

n (%)

Age a

36.4 ± 15.0

37.3 ± 16.3

39.9 ± 14.7

43.9 ± 16.8

43.9 ± 16.8

43.8 ± 14.6

29.5 ± 8.6

27.4 ± 9.0

30.0 ± 9.4

Diagnosed mental illness (yes)

168 (26.8)

29 (34.1)

29 (58.0)

53 (17.7)

18 (35.3)

21 (58.3)

115 (35.1)

11 (32.4)

8 (57.1)

 Depression

129 (20.5)

15 (17.6)

20 (40.0)

40 (13.3)

7 (13.7)

14 (38.9)

89 (27.1)

8 (23.5)

6 (42.9)

 Bipolar disorder or schizophrenia

12 (1.9)

4 (4.7)

8 (16.0)

8 (2.7)

2 (3.9)

8 (22.2)

4 (1.2)

2 (5.9)

-

 Anxiety disorder

65 (10.4)

9 (10.6)

13 (26.0)

14 (4.7)

6 (11.8)

11 (30.6)

51 (15.5)

3 (8.8)

2 (14.3)

 PTSD

11 (1.8)

3 (3.5)

4 (8.0)

2 (0.7)

3 (5.9)

4 (11.1)

9 (2.7)

-

-

 OCD

10 (1.6)

2 (2.4)

6 (12.0)

1 (0.3)

1 (2.0)

6 (16.7)

9 (2.7)

1 (2.9)

-

 Panic disorder

27 (4.3)

6 (7.1)

10 (20.0)

9 (3.0)

5 (9.8)

9 (25.0)

18 (5.5)

1 (2.9)

1 (7.1)

 Eating disorders

16 (2.5)

3 (3.5)

6 (12.0)

1 (0.3)

3 (5.9)

4 (11.1)

15 (4.6)

-

2 (14.3)

 Substance Use Disorder

4 (0.6)

3 (3.5)

6 (12.0)

-

3 (3.5)

5 (13.9)

4 (1.2)

-

1 (7.1)

 ADHD

5 (0.8)

1(1.2)

1 (2.0)

-

-

-

5 (1.5)

1 (2.9)

1 (7.1)

 ADD

1 (0.2)

-

-

-

-

 

1 (0.3)

  

 ASD

5 (0.8)

-

-

1 (0.3)

-

-

4 (1.2)

-

-

 Schizophrenia personality disorder

1 (0.2)

-

-

 

-

-

1 (0.3)

  

 Borderline personality disorder

1 (0.2)

-

-

 

-

-

1 (0.3)

  

Physical illness (yes)

138 (22.0)

24 (28.2)

30 (60.0)

68 (22.7)

20 (39.2)

27 (75.0)

70 (21.3)

4 (11.8)

3 (21.4)

 High blood pressure

51 (8.1)

15 (17.6)

22 (44.0)

43 (14.3)

14 (27.5)

22 (61.1)

8 (2.4)

1 (2.9)

-

 Asthma

48 (7.6)

6 (7.1)

12 (24.0)

13 (4.3)

3 (5.9)

9 (25.0)

35 (10.7)

3 (8.8)

3 (21.4)

 Diabetes

23 (3.7)

7 (8.2)

10 (20.0)

15 (5.0)

6 (11.8)

10 (27.8)

8 (2.4)

1 (2.9)

-

 Cancer

 

2 (2.4)

 

-

2 (4.0)

-

-

-

-

 Renal failure

 

1 (1.2)

-

-

1 (2.0)

-

-

-

-

 Chronic nephritis

 

1 (1.2)

-

-

1 (2.0)

-

-

-

-

 Other

28 (4.5)

  

8 (2.6)

  

20 (6.1)

  

Hospitalization (yes)

-

23 (27.1)

25 (50.0)

-

23 (45.1)

25 (69.4)

-

-

-

 Ventilator

-

10 (11.8)

13 (26.0)

-

10 (19.6)

13 (36.1)

-

-

-

 Days to recovery b

-

23.8 ± 30.4

35.2 ± 39.1

-

29.27 ± 36.1

35. 2 ± 33.6

-

15.6 ± 16.1

35.1 ± 52.2

Infectious symptoms (yes)

-

79 (82.4)

50 (100.0)

-

39 (76.5)

36 (100)

-

34 (100.0)

14 (100.0)

 Heat

-

45 (52.9)

38 (76.0)

-

27 (52.9)

27 (75.0)

-

18 (52.9)

11 (78.6)

 Cough

-

29 (34.1)

24 (48.0)

-

12 (23.5)

17 (47.2)

-

17 (50.0)

7 (50.0)

 Fatigue, tiredness

-

39 (45.9)

26 (52.0)

-

14 (27.5)

16 (44.4)

-

25 (73.5)

10 (71.4)

 Dyspnea

-

5 (5.9)

11 (22.0)

-

3 (5.9)

10 (27.8)

-

2 (5.9)

1 (7.1)

 Olfactory dysfunction

-

13 (15.3)

19 (38.0)

-

3 (5.9)

11 (30.6)

-

10 (29.4)

8 (57.1)

 Dysgeusia

-

20 (23.5)

17 (34.0)

-

7 (13.7)

11 (30.6)

-

13 (38.2)

6 (42.9)

 Increased sputum

-

8 (9.4)

9 (18.0)

-

2 (3.9)

5 (13.9)

-

6 (17.6)

4 (28.6)

 Chest pain

-

5 (5.9)

10 (20.0)

-

3 (5.9)

8 (22.2)

-

2 (5.9)

2 (14.3)

 Joint pain

-

11 (12.9)

16 (32.0)

-

3 (5.9)

7 (19.4)

-

8 (23.5)

9 (64.3)

 Muscle pain

-

10 (11.8)

13 (26.0)

-

1 (2.0)

8 (22.2)

-

9 (26.5)

5 (35.7)

 Headache

-

23 (27.1)

16 (32.0)

-

3 (5.9)

9 (25.0)

-

20 (58.8)

7 (50.0)

 Palpitations

-

1 (1.2)

9 (18.0)

-

1 (2.0)

5 (13.9)

-

-

4 (28.6)

 Hair loss

-

1 (1.2)

3 (6.0)

-

1 (2.0)

3 (8.3)

-

-

-

 Sore throat

-

4 (4.7)

3 (6.0)

-

2 (4.0)

2 (5.6)

-

2 (5.9)

1 (7.1)

 Urination disorder

-

1 (1.2)

-

-

1 (2.0)

-

-

-

-

 Nasal congestion

-

-

1 (2.0)

-

-

1 (2.8)

-

-

-

 Chills

-

1 (1.2)

-

-

1 (2.0)

-

-

-

-

 Diarrhea

-

-

1 (2.0)

-

-

-

-

-

1 (7.1)

 Nosebleed

-

1 (1.2)

-

-

-

-

-

1 (2.9)

-

 Herpes labialis

-

1 (1.2)

-

-

-

-

-

1 (2.9)

-

 Common cold

-

1 (1.2)

-

-

-

-

-

1 (2.9)

-

 Respiratory tract infection

-

1 (1.2)

-

-

-

-

 

1 (2.9)

-

 Insomnia

-

4 (4.7)

4 (8.0)

-

1 (2.0)

2 (5.6)

-

3 (8.8)

2 (14.3)

 Anxiety

-

5 (5.9)

6 (12.0)

-

4 (7.8)

4 (11.1)

-

1 (2.9)

2 (14.3)

 Depression

-

4 (4.7)

5 (10.0)

-

3 (5.9)

3 (8.3)

-

1 (2.9)

2 (14.3)

Post-COVID conditions (yes)

-

-

-

-

-

 

-

-

 

 Heat

-

-

7 (14.0)

-

-

4 (11.1)

-

-

3 (21.4)

 Cough

-

-

8 (16.0)

-

-

6 (16.7)

-

-

2 (14.3)

 Fatigue, tiredness

-

-

19 (38.0)

-

-

10 (27.8)

-

-

9 (64.3)

 Dyspnea

-

-

5 (10.0)

-

-

4 (11.1)

-

-

1 (7.1)

 Olfactory dysfunction

-

-

12 (24.0)

-

-

7 (19.4)

-

-

5 (35.7)

 Dysgeusia

-

-

13 (26.0)

-

-

11 (30.6)

-

-

2 (14.3)

 Increased sputum

-

-

6 (12.0)

-

-

4 (11.1)

-

-

2 (14.3)

 Chest pain

-

-

7 (14.0)

-

-

6 (16.7)

-

-

1 (7.1)

 Joint pain

-

-

5 (10.0)

-

-

3 (8.3)

-

-

2 (14.3)

 Muscle pain

-

-

6 (12.0)

-

-

4 (11.1)

-

-

2 (14.3)

 Headache

-

-

5 (10.0)

-

-

3 (8.3)

-

-

2 (14.3)

 Palpitations

-

-

6 (12.0)

-

-

5 (13.9)

-

-

1 (7.1)

 Hair loss

-

-

5 (10.0)

-

-

4 (11.1)

-

-

1 (7.1)

 Sore throat

-

-

1 (2.0)

-

-

1 (2.8)

-

-

-

 Feeling like stinging in your left hand

-

-

1 (2.0)

-

-

-

-

-

1 (7.1)

Clinical scales

      

-

-

 

 FCV-19S ≥ 18

269 (42.8)

39 (45.9)

36 (72.0)

191 (63.7)

35 (68.6)

32 (88.9)

78 (23.8)

4 (11.8)

4 (28.6)

 PHQ ≥ 10

190 (30.3)

25 (29.4)

28 (56.0)

72 (24.0)

17 (33.3)

22 (61.1)

118 (36.0)

8 (23.5)

6 (42.9)

 GAD ≥ 10

105 (16.7)

13 (15.3)

20 (40.0)

45 (15.0)

11 (21.6)

16 (44.4)

60 (18.3)

2 (5.9)

4 (28.6)

 IES-R ≥ 25

192 (30.6)

35 (41.2)

33 (66.0)

95 (31.7)

25 (49.0)

26 (72.2)

97 (29.6)

10 (29.4)

7 (50.0)

  1. aMean ± SD
  2. ADD attention deficit disorder; ADHD attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, ASD autism spectrum disorder, COVID-19 coronavirus disease 2019, IES-R impact of events scale-revised, FCV-19S fear of COVID-19 scales, GAD-7 generalized anxiety disorder-7 items, OCD obsessive–compulsive disorder, PHQ-9 patients health questionnaire-9 items, PTSD post-traumatic stress disorder