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Table 2 Descriptives and main results Linear Mixed Model analyses (N = 106)

From: A randomized controlled trial to examine the effectiveness of the Dutch version of the Program for the Education and Enrichment of Relational Skills (PEERS®)

 

PEERS®

ROAD

LMM analysis interaction CONDITION X TIME

Baseline M(SD)

Post M(SD)

Follow-up M(SD)

Baseline M(SD)

Post M(SD)

Follow-up M(SD)

p

Adolescent data

 

n = 53

n = 42

n = 32

n = 46

n = 35

n = 22

 

CASS Total

30.13 (8.22)

30.21 (8.29)

33.63 (9.15)

28.91 (7.99)

30.46 (7.98)

29.59 (7.31)

.18

  0. Starting conversation

1.62 (0.71)

1.86 (0.47)

1.66 (0.60)

1.35 (0.82)

1.74 (0.61)

1.68 (0.65)

.18

  1. Total Questions Asked

6.19 (3.54)

7.02 (4.24)

6.50 (3.29)

6.24 (4.14)

6.51 (3.50)

5.64 (3.26)

.70

  1a. Initiating Questions

2.92 (1.89)

3.50 (1.64)

3.03 (1.68)

2.78 (1.95)

3.66 (1.94)

3.09 (1.88)

.87

  1b. Follow-up Questions

3.26 (2.68)

3.52 (3.29)

3.47 (2.76)

3.46 (3.35)

2.89 (2.70)

2.45 (2.26)

.45

  2. Topic Changes

3.06 (2.22)

2.93 (1.80)

3.47 (1.90)

3.24 (2.38)

3.40 (2.55)

3.27 (2.12)

.56

  3. Vocal Expressiveness

4.91 (1.56)

5.12 (1.49)

5.22 (1.66)

4.67 (1.61)

4.80 (1.61)

4.32 (1.62)

.21

  4. Gestures

3.47 (1.86)

3.14 (2.06)

4.09 (1.91)

3.24 (1.88)

3.17 (1.92)

3.23 (1.95)

.26

  5. Positive Affect

4.32 (1.54)

4.57 (1.63)

5.16 (1.76)

4.07 (1.53)

4.51 (1.54)

4.45 (1.41)

.42

  6. Kinetic Arousal

4.02 (1.66)

3.95 (1.55)

4.09 (1.75)

3.98 (1.15)

3.97 (1.40)

3.95 (1.17)

.62

  7. Social Anxiety

4.53 (1.68)

4.33 (1.79)

4.81 (1.62)

4.09 (1.74)

4.77 (1.54)

4.36 (1.36)

.48

  8. Overall Involvement

4.62 (1.30)

4.71 (1.45)

5.22 (1.26)

4.70 (1.31)

4.94 (1.24)

4.82 (1.05)

.29

  9. Overall Quality of Rapport

4.26 (1.48)

4.38 (1.43)

5.03 (1.49)

4.17 (1.39)

4.29 (1.47)

4.45 (1.44)

.27

  10. Initiating End of Conversation

0.60 (0.49)

0.95 (0.22)

0.84 (0.37)

0.67 (0.60)

0.94 (0.24)

0.95 (0.21)

.75

  11. Giving reason to end conversation

0.26 (0.45)

0.45 (0.50)

0.41 (0.50)

0.24 (0.43)

0.37 (0.49)

0.32 (0.48)

.71

 

n = 53

n = 42

n = 33

n = 47

n = 36

n = 21

 

CRS-A

27.45 (4.46)

27.67 (5.38)

28.91 (3.25)

25.60 (4.77)

27.61 (4.80)

28.52 (3.63)

.12

  Item 1 (self-confidence before)

4.66 (1.41)

4.88 (1.61)

5.09 (1.56)

4.52 (1.87)

4.62 (1.79)

4.84 (1.95)

.07

  Item 10 (after)

4.85 (1.42)

5.18 (1.37)

5.23 (1.31)

4.43 (1.92)

4.82 (1.74)

5.11 (1.79)

.42

  Perspective taking items

10.16 (1.76)

10.64 (2.25

11.26 (1.44)

9.96 (1.91)

10.42 (1.84)

10.53 (2.29)

.50

 

n = 52

n = 45

n = 32

n = 52

n = 39

n = 27

 

SSIS-A Total

82.33 (21.91)

90.82 (20.26)

94.53 (23.02)

84.96 (16.33)

88.85 (18.12)

88.11 (21.43)

.02*

  Communication

12.00 (3.30)

13.77 (2.94)

13.53 (3.59)

12.67 (2.78)

12.97 (2.64)

13.54 (3.14)

.06

  Cooperation

14.59 (3.45)

15.42 (3.54)

16.43 (3.45)

15.14 (3.10)

15.08 (3.35)

14.60 (3.67)

.01#

  Assertion

12.06 (4.03)

12.16 (3.73)

12.69 (4.34)

11.10 (4.17)

12.11 (3.92)

12.41 (4.45)

.38

  Responsibility

13.42 (3.38)

14.66 (3.18)

15.30 (3.49)

13.46 (2.79)

13.56 (3.30)

14.50 (3.28)

.33

  Empathy

12.29 (3.39)

12.95 (3.41)

13.48 (3.29)

12.84 (3.10)

13.36 (2.59)

12.35 (3.19)

.12

  Engagement

9.46 (3.92)

11.09 (4.59)

11.90 (4.91)

9.25 (4.62)

10.68 (4.59)

10.42 (5.14)

.02#

  Self-Control

10.65 (4.16)

12.26 (2.80)

12.65 (3.21)

10.79 (3.66)

11.51 (4.26)

11.80 (4.25)

.53

Parent data

 

n = 54

n = 41

n = 35

n = 51

n = 38

n = 28

 

SSIS-P Total

70.26 (18.49)

80.90 (17.47)

84.83 (21.79)

73.20 (16.35)

83.39 (19.91)

82.93 (18.02)

.11

  Communication

9.79 (3.32)

11.56 (3.17)

12.29 (3.41)

10.40 (2.60)

11.42 (2.94)

11.48 (2.58)

 < .01**

  Cooperation

10.08 (3.50)

11.63 (3.17)

11.91 (3.97)

10.92 (3.03)

12.38 (3.24)

12.50 (3.09)

.28

  Assertion

10.57 (3.38)

11.49 (3.27)

11.24 (3.55)

10.63 (3.19)

11.55 (3.21)

11.54 (3.10)

.97

  Responsibility

9.98 (3.02)

11.61 (3.27)

11.97 (3.69)

10.28 (3.23)

11.92 (3.74)

12.64 (3.07)

.89

  Empathy

9.94 (2.95)

10.85 (2.56)

11.91 (3.27)

10.25 (3.21)

11.55 (2.78)

11.25 (3.25)

.11

  Engagement

8.04 (3.96)

9.88 (3.78)

10.37 (4.36)

8.39 (3.51)

10.61 (4.20)

10.43 (4.11)

.40

  Self-Control

7.31 (3.40)

8.46 (2.99)

8.77 (3.64)

8.08 (3.11)

8.79 (3.57)

8.78 (3.51)

.41

 

n = 54

n = 51

n = 43

n = 39

n = 35

n = 28

 

SRS-2-P Total

88.90 (27.09)

69.09 (27.15)

62.26 (25.06)

86.20 (22.02)

72.76 (26.18)

69.95 (23.72)

.02*

  Social Awareness

11.44 (3.13)

9.95 (3.66)

8.91 (3.39)

11.18 (3.13)

9.32 (3.68)

9.07 (3.30)

.58

  Social Cognition

16.67 (6.59)

13.30 (6.49)

12.29 (6.13)

15.22 (5.34)

13.53 (5.08)

12.64 (5.65)

.03#

  Social Communication

29.17 (10.11)

22.02 (9.99)

19.91 (9.98)

27.75 (8.94)

22.89 (10.62)

22.89 (9.77)

.04#

  Social Motivation

16.56 (6.27)

11.91 (6.51)

10.63 (5.51)

16.75 (4.46)

13.08 (5.51)

12.36 (4.52)

.15

  Autistic Mannerisms

14.96 (6.35)

11.65 (5.62)

10.37 (5.05)

14.78 (5.53)

12.18 (5.39)

12.14 (6.13)

.05#

Teacher data

 

n = 39

n = 24

n = 22

n = 34

n = 23

n = 23

 

SSIS-T Total

69.90 (17.98)

66.38 (17.88)

73.36 (18.85)

71.59 (15.76)

78.26 (17.99)

75.39 (15.74)

.31

  Communication

11.85 (3.89)

11.83 (3.62)

12.36 (4.26)

12.15 (3.63)

13.39 (3.69)

12.17 (3.20)

.45

  Cooperation

11.79 (2.82)

11.17 (2.57)

12.41 (2.75)

12.91 (3.33)

12.78 (3.67)

12.30 (3.11)

.07

  Assertion

9.13 (3.70)

8.63 (3.92)

9.05 (4.25)

8.09 (3.25)

9.09 (2.54)

9.22 (3.50)

.49

  Responsibility

11.67 (2.97)

10.38 (2.18)

11.77 (2.33)

12.21 (3.68)

12.96 (4.17)

12.22 (3.20)

.27

  Empathy

7.90 (3.70)

6.92 (3.67)

8.55 (3.42)

7.18 (3.66)

8.65 (3.70)

8.57 (2.35)

.71

  Engagement

7.74 (3.70)

8.08 (3.43)

8.77 (4.13)

8.15 (3.59)

9.78 (3.90)

8.48 (4.40)

.16

  Self-Control

9.82 (3.87)

9.39 (3.16)

10.45 (3.08)

10.91 (4.20)

11.61 (3.37)

12.43 (3.44)

.33

 

n = 37

n = 22

n = 18

n = 31

n = 20

n = 22

 

SRS-2-T Total

77.92 (24.51)

72.64 (24.01)

65.11 (30.89)

73.94 (26.71)

63.30 (21.27)

65.09 (20.66)

.58

  Social Awareness

9.68 (3.70)

9.09 (2.30)

8.67 (2.97)

9.35 (3.47)

8.30 (3.31)

8.59 (3.33)

.45

  Social Cognition

15.05 (4.84)

15.50 (4.98)

14.67 (5.35)

15.13 (5.38)

12.50 (3.75)

13.09 (3.21)

.66

  Social Communication

26.95 (10.01)

25.05 (9.90)

21.39 (12.37)

25.71 (10.71)

22.25 (9.32)

22.73 (7.74)

.27

  Social Motivation

14.76 (4.90)

13.23 (5.61)

12.39 (6.44)

13.74 (5.42)

12.00 (4.44)

12.00 (5.22)

.81

  Autistic Mannerisms

11.49 (5.44)

9.77 (5.13)

8.00 (6.12)

10.00 (5.81)

8.25 (4.94)

8.68 (5.04)

.54

  1. *p < .05, no FDR correction applied, # not significant after FDR correction, ** Remained significant after FDR correction
  2. CRS as covariate in analyses on all measures
  3. Contextual Assessment of Social Skills (CASS); Social Skills Improvement System (SSIS); Social Responsiveness Scale-2 (SRS-2); Conversation Rating Scale (CRS)