Table 2 Results of baseline and post-Yoga practice sleep, activity, and symptom assessments
Variables Median (Q1,Q3) | Baseline measurements | Post-3 months Yoga practice measurements | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Polysomnography | total sleep time (min) | 402(336–456) | 408(352–440) | 0.68 |
sleep efficiency (%) | 82.2(71.4–91.3) | 86.9(80.6–90.2) | 0.25 | |
sleep onset latency (min) | 18(12–34) | 15(12–33) | 0.30 | |
REM latency (min) | 98(67–129) | 111(76.5–142) | 0.29 | |
Stage N1(%) | 3.1(1.3–4.1) | 2.5(1.7–3.4) | 0.22 | |
Stage N2(%) | 51.3(39.4–59.2) | 48(45–55.5) | 0.90 | |
Stage N3(%) | 24.2(18.2–28.7) | 24.6(18.7–31.3) | 0.29 | |
Stage REM(%) | 22.4(17.9–26.6) | 20.5(15.5–23.8) | 0.21 | |
Arousal index (/h sleep) | 10.4(6.1–12.4) | 8.2(6.8–10.5) | 0.64 | |
Actigraphy | time in bed (min) | 532(499–551) | 518(465–536) | 0.13 |
total sleep time (min) | 421(375–456) | 434(375–473) | 0.82 | |
sleep efficiency (%) | 80.2(77.7–84.9) | 85.2(78.7–89.7) | 0.11 | |
Arousals (n) | 10.8(7–12.7) | 7.9(6.7–10.6) | < 0.01 | |
naps (n) | 0.3(0.17–0.5) | 0.4(0–0.7) | 0.20 | |
steps walked/day (n) | 7406(5657–8853) | 7060(6383–9717) | 0.23 | |
Time spent > 3METs/day (min) | 118(63–152.8) | 85(64–130) | 0.15 | |
Questionnaires | Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index | 14(13–16) | 8(7–11) | < 0.001 |
HADS-A | 9(7–11) | 6(5–9) | 0.02 | |
HADS-D | 5(3–7) | 2(1–4) | < 0.001 | |
Epworth Sleepiness Scale | 6(3–9) | 5(3–7) | 0.04 | |
Pichot fatigue scale | 14(11–20) | 10(7–14) | 0.01 | |