Table 2 Hierarchical logistic regression models predicting self-harm and suicide ideation (N = 5211)

Age group

 18–24

1 (ref)

1 (ref)

1 (ref)

 25–34

0.81

0.70–0.94

***

0.80

0.68–0.93

**

0.91

0.77–1.09

.30

 ≥ 35

0.24

0.19–0.29

***

0.26

0.21–0.33

***

0.39

0.31–0.50

***

Province

 Outside Java Island

1 (ref)

1 (ref)

1 (ref)

 In Java Island

1.33

1.16–1.53

***

1.29

1.12–1.50

**

1.24

1.06–1.46

.01

Job status/type

 Unemployed/student/retired

1 (ref)

1 (ref)

1 (ref)

 Freelancer

0.92

0.76–1.11

.38

0.88

0.72–1.08

.22

0.99

0.80–1.24

.98

 Private employer/blue collar/driver/domestic worker

0.68

0.58–0.81

***

0.70

0.59–.83

***

0.82

0.68–0.99

.04

 Civil servants/police/military

0.39

0.28–0.54

***

0.41

0.29–0.59

***

0.53

0.36–.077

**

 Entrepreneur

0.62

0.48–0.81

***

0.64

0.48–0.84

**

0.85

0.63–1.14

.27

 Others

0.42

0.30–0.60

***

0.42

0.29–0.61

***

0.47

0.31–.071

***

Religion/belief

 Non-Islam

1 (ref)

1 (ref)

1 (ref)

 Islam

0.79

0.69–0.91

**

0.84

0.73–0.96

.01

0.75

0.65–0.88

***

Sex-gender

 Male

1 (ref)

1 (ref)

1 (ref)

 Female

1.55

1.35–1.77

***

1.70

1.47–1.97

***

1.55

1.32–1.82

***

 Intersex/transgender/non-binary

2.49

1.30–4.74

**

1.43

0.73–2.79

.29

1.53

0.73–3.17

.26

Sexual orientation

 Non-heterosexual

1 (ref)

1 (ref)

 Heterosexual

0.49

0.39–0.60

***

0.58

0.46–0.73

***

HIV status

 Negative/do not know

1 (ref)

1 (ref)

 Positive

2.31

1.16–4.60

.02

1.90

0.92–3.95

.08

Disability status

 Without disability

1 (ref)

1 (ref)

 With disability

3.25

2.81–3.75

***

2.18

1.86–2.56

***

 Loneliness intensity

1.27

1.25–1.29

***

 Constant

0.76

**

0.99

.93

0.03

***

 Overall correct predicted percentage

63.5

68.1

75.2

 R_N²

.14

.22

.40

 Δ R_N²

.14

.08

.18

 Omnibus test / Chi-square (df)

566.99 (10)***

921.23 (14)***

1803.46 (15)***