Skip to main content

Table 4 Association between characteristics of online courses and mental health problems of children

From: The relationship between online courses and mental health among Chinese children

Online courses

Mental health problems

Borderline mental health problems

Crude model

Adjusted modela

Crude model

Adjusted modela

OR (95%CI)

P-value

OR (95%CI)

P-value

OR (95%CI)

P-value

OR (95%CI)

P-value

Problems of online courses

 No

ref

ref

ref

ref

ref

ref

ref

ref

 Difficulty in understanding the content of online courses

2.82 (1.32, 6.05)

0.008

1.64 (0.64, 4.18)

0.299

3.17 (1.94, 5.18)

 < 0.001

1.93 (1.07, 3.49)

0.028

 Device or internet connection problems

1.20 (0.15, 9.66)

0.866

1.14 (0.09, 14.24)

0.919

0.46 (0.06, 3.54)

0.454

0.33 (0.04, 2.99)

0.323

Main form of online courses

 Live courses

ref

ref

ref

ref

ref

ref

ref

ref

 Video-recorded courses

2.30 (1.09, 4.85)

0.029

1.60 (0.59, 4.29)

0.355

1.60 (0.98, 2.61)

0.062

1.43 (0.78, 2.64)

0.249

 E-learning material without video

0.45 (0.06, 3.52)

0.448

0.15 (0.01, 1.76)

0.130

1.01 (0.42, 2.38)

0.991

0.73 (0.25, 2.13)

0.557

Online courses time per day, hour

  <  = 4(lower than or equal to median)

ref

ref

ref

ref

ref

ref

ref

ref

  > 4(more than median)

0.96 (0.44, 2.10)

0.923

0.81 (0.28, 2.36)

0.697

1.46 (0.91, 2.34)

0.120

1.66 (0.91, 3.02)

0.098

  1. aadjusting for region, parental educational level, family monthly income, children’s gender, children’s age, children’s screen time, children’s outdoor physical activity time, children’s academic performance, COVID-19 policy of restrictions for going out of housing community, frequency of children’s bad mood, and relationship between children and their parents