Variables | Never Smoker (nβ=β271) | Smoker (nβ=β268) | P-value |
---|---|---|---|
Age, years [mean (SD)] | 58.88 (15.07) | 61.96 (12.69) | 0.059 |
Male gender | 140 (51.66%) | 151 (56.34%) | 0.275 |
BMI, kg/m2 [mean (SD)] | 32.05 (13.43) | 31.46 (10.51) | 0.469 |
Poor functional status (<β4 MET) | 133 (49.08%) | 137 (51.12%) | 0.635 |
ASA classification | Β | Β | 0.009 |
Β Β Β Β II | 28 (10.33%) | 15 (5.60%) | Β |
Β Β Β Β III | 192 (70.85%) | 177 (66.04%) | Β |
Β Β Β Β IV | 51 (18.82%) | 76 (28.36%) | Β |
PHTN severity classification | Β | Β | 0.479 |
Β Β Β Β Mild | 118 (46.09%) | 108 (41.38%) | Β |
Β Β Β Β Moderate | 113 (44.14%) | 129 (49.43%) | Β |
Β Β Β Β Severe | 25 (9.77%) | 24 (9.20%) | Β |
Surgical characteristics | |||
Β Β Β Β Length of surgery [median (IQR)] | 77.00 (34.00β141.00) | 94.00 (36.75β159.25) | 0.168 |
Β Β Β Β Open surgical approach | 153 (56.46%) | 131 (48.88%) | 0.078 |
Β Β Β Β Intraabdominal surgery | 52 (19.19%) | 60 (22.39%) | 0.360 |
Β Β Β Β Intrathoracic surgery | 14 (5.17%) | 13 (4.85%) | 0.867 |
Β Β Β Β Vascular surgery | 6 (2.21%) | 13 (4.85%) | 0.097 |
Comorbidities | |||
Β Β Β Β Systemic hypertension | 172 (63.47%) | 187 (69.78%) | 0.121 |
Β Β Β Β Coronary artery disease | 88 (32.84%) | 93 (34.83%) | 0.626 |
Β Β Β Β Arrhythmia | 136 (50.18%) | 105 (39.18%) | 0.010 |
Β Β Β Β Angina | 16 (5.90%) | 23 (8.58%) | 0.230 |
Β Β Β Β Asthma | 44 (16.24%) | 31 (11.61%) | 0.121 |
Β Β Β Β COPD | 10 (3.70%) | 61 (22.85%) | β<β0.001 |
Β Β Β Β Diabetes | 77 (28.41%) | 78 (29.21%) | 0.838 |
Β Β Β Β Renal failure | 75 (27.68%) | 60 (22.39%) | 0.157 |
Medications | |||
Β Β Β Β Anticoagulant | 82 (30.26%) | 65 (24.25%) | 0.118 |
Β Β Β Β Antiplatelet | 9 (3.32%) | 9 (3.36%) | 0.981 |
Β Β Β Β Statin | 110 (40.59%) | 132 (49.25%) | 0.043 |
Β Β Β Β Steroids | 39 (14.39%) | 61 (22.76%) | 0.012 |
Β Β Β Β Atropine | 2 (0.74%) | 3 (1.13%) | 0.683 |
Β Β Β Β Inhalational agents | 137 (50.93%) | 168 (63.40%) | 0.004 |
Β Β Β Β Isoflurane | 6 (2.21%) | 12 (4.48%) | 0.144 |
Β Β Β Β Sevoflurane | 111 (40.96%) | 136 (50.75%) | 0.023 |
Β Β Β Β Delirium | 5 (1.85%) | 11 (4.10%) | 0.122 |
Β Β Β Β Mortality | 3 (1.11%) | 4 (1.49%) | 0.724 |