Collaborative care compared to enhanced standard treatment of depression with co-morbid medical conditions among patients from rural South India: a cluster randomized controlled trial (HOPE Study)

Table 3 Depression scores (PHQ-9) and anti-depressant use by wave and treatment arm

		Treatment arm				Difference in change from BL between arms
Wave	Variable	Collaborative care (24 PHCs)		Enhanced standard care (25 PHCs)		Difference in change from BL between arms	p-value
Baseline	On antidepressants: n (%)	1	(0.1%)	0	(0%)
	PHQ-9 score: observed mean (SD)	8.47	(3.95)	8.58	(4.29)
3 months	On antidepressants: n (%)	233	(25.9%)	8	(0.9%)
	PHQ-9 score: observed mean (SD)	5.24	(3.21)	6.69	(3.73)		0.002^a
	Predicted change in PHQ-9 from BL^b	−3.11		−1.83		−1.28	< 0.001
6 months	On antidepressants: n (%)	223	(26.0%)	10	(1.3%)
	PHQ-9 score: observed mean (SD)	4.81	(2.98)	6.13	(3.42)		< 0.001^a
	Predicted change in PHQ-9 from BL^b	−3.52		−2.22		−1.31	< 0.001
12 months	On antidepressants: n (%)	252	(27.5%)	10	(1.2%)
	PHQ-9 score: observed mean (SD)	4.22	(2.65)	5.23	(2.71)		< 0.001^a
	Predicted change in PHQ-9 from BL^b	−4.06		−3.00		−1.06	< 0.001

^a Based on univariable regression of PHQ-9 score on treatment arm per wave, using cluster (PHC) robust standard errors
^b Based on multi-level linear regression of the repeated measurements of PHQ-9 on wave, treatment arm and wave*treatment arm, with random intercepts for participant and PHC (ICC_PHC = 0.13, ICC_Partic.|PHC = 0.31)

ISSN: 1471-244X