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Table 1 Demographic and clinical characteristics of intervention and control groups

From: Effectiveness of crisis resolution home treatment for the management of acute psychiatric crises in Southern Switzerland: a natural experiment based on geography

Characteristics

Intervention group (n = 93)

Control group (n = 144)

Statistical test for the differencea

Demographic

Female gender, n(%)

57 (61.3)

55 (38.2)

χ2(1) = 12.173***

Age, years: median (IQRb)

41.7 (20.3)

45.7 (20.1)

z = 1.432

Swiss citizenship, n(%)

74 (79.6)

103 (71.5)

χ2(1) = 1.969

Educational level, n(%)

 None/compulsory

40 (43.0)

67 (46.5)

χ2(2) = 3.467

 Secondary

47 (50.5)

59 (41.0)

 Tertiary

6 (6.5)

18 (12.5)

Married, n(%)

34 (36.6)

32 (22.2)

χ2(1) = 5.700*

Living alone, n (%)

32 (34.4)

74 (51.4)

χ2(1) = 6.665*

Employed, n (%)

18 (19.4)

33 (22.9)

χ2(1) = 0.429

Clinical

   

Compulsory admission, n (%)

15 (16.1)

43 (29.9)

χ2(1) = 6.001*

Primary diagnosis (ICD-10), n (%)

 Mental and behavioural disorders due to use of psychoactive substances (F1)

4 (4.3)

19 (13.2)

χ2(5) = 20.706**

 Schizophrenia, schizotypal and delusional disorders (F2)

24 (25.8)

45 (31.3)

 Mood [affective] disorders (F3)

29 (31.2)

41 (28.5)

 Neurotic, stress-related and somatoform disorders (F4)

12 (12.9)

19 (13.2)

 Disorders of personality and behaviour in adult persons (F6)

24 (25.8)

14 (9.7)

 Other disorders (F5, F8, F9, Z)

0 (0.0)

6 (4.2)

Presence of a secondary diagnosis, n (%)

59 (63.4)

87 (60.4)

χ2(1) = 0.219

Num. previous hospitalizations: median (IQR)

1 (3)

2 (4)

z = 2.887**

HoNOS at admissionc: median (IQR)

18 (8)

16 (9)

z = -1.045

  1. a χ2 test for categorical variables; Fisher’s exact test was used in presence of cells with a count lower than 5. Mann–Whitney test for continuous variables; the 95% confidence intervals for p-values used to assess statistical significance were estimated using the Monte Carlo method based on 10′000 samples
  2. b IQR = Interquartile range
  3. c Data on the HoNOS were missing for 6 patients in the intervention group and 12 in the control group
  4. *p-value < 0.05, ** p-value < 0.01, *** p-value < 0.001