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Table 2 Demographic and general health characteristics of schizophrenia patients with PHQ-9 < 10 vs. PHQ-9 ≥ 10 in Japan

From: Burden of schizophrenia among Japanese patients: a cross-sectional National Health and Wellness Survey

 

Schizophrenia patients and PHQ-9 < 10

N = 93

Schizophrenia patients and PHQ-9 ≥ 10

N = 85

 

Continuous Variables

Mean

SD

Mean

SD

P-value

Age

46.26

14.38

38.80

13.40

<  0.001

Charlson Comorbidity Index

0.59

3.48

0.51

2.00

0.843

Healthcare resource utilisation

 No. of physician visits in the past 6 months

9.65

9.76

14.84

13.81

0.004

 No. of ER visits in the past 6 months

0.14

0.95

0.11

0.44

0.764

 No. of hospitalizations in the past 6 months

0.26

1.33

0.22

0.66

0.830

Categorical Variables

n

%

n

%

P-value

Age group

 18–64

80

86.0%

79

92.9%

0.135

≥65

13

14.0%

6

7.1%

 

Gender

Male

46

49.5%

43

50.6%

0.881

Female

47

50.5%

42

49.4%

 

Marital Status

 Married or living with partner

35

37.6%

17

20.0%

0.010

 Not married/Decline to answer

58

62.4%

68

80.0%

 

Level of Education

 University degree

31

33.3%

27

31.8%

0.824

 Not/Decline to answer

62

66.7%

58

68.2%

 

Employment Status

 Currently employed

49

52.7%

42

49.4%

0.662

 Not

44

47.3%

43

50.6%

 

Household Income

  < ¥3,000,000

38

40.9%

32

37.6%

0.665

 ¥3,000,000 to < ¥5,000,000

22

23.7%

22

25.9%

 

 ¥5,000,000 to < ¥8,000,000

15

16.1%

9

10.6%

 

 ¥8,000,000 or more

9

9.7%

9

10.6%

 

 Decline to answer

9

9.7%

13

15.3%

 

Body Mass Index

 Underweight (BMI < 18.5)

13

14.0%

8

9.4%

0.679

 Normal (BMI ≥ 18.5 & < 25)

45

48.4%

48

56.5%

 

 Overweight (BMI ≥ 25)

31

33.3%

26

30.6%

 

 Decline to answer

4

4.3%

3

3.5%

 

Smoking Status

 Never

50

53.8%

42

49.4%

0.581

 Former

22

23.7%

18

21.2%

 

 Current

21

22.6%

25

29.4%

 

Alcohol Use

  ≤ once per week

74

79.6%

69

81.2%

0.788

  ≥ 2–3 times per week

19

20.4%

16

18.8%

 

Vigorous Exercise in Past 30 Days

 0–11 times

78

83.9%

73

85.9%

0.709

  ≥ 12 times

15

16.1%

12

14.1%

 

Insurance type

 National health insurance

42

45.2%

47

55.3%

0.142

 Social insurance

33

35.5%

23

27.1%

 

 Late stage elderly insurance

6

6.5%

1

1.2%

 

 Other/No insurance

12

12.9%

14

16.5%

 

Out of pocket payment for own prescription medications in an average month

 ¥0

16

17.2%

19

22.4%

0.093

 ¥1 to ¥999

18

19.4%

7

8.2%

 

 ¥1000 to ¥1999

15

16.1%

6

7.1%

 

 ¥2000 to ¥2999

6

6.5%

10

11.8%

 

 ¥3000 to ¥4999

11

11.8%

13

15.3%

 

 ¥5000 to ¥9999

11

11.8%

6

7.1%

 

 ¥10,000 to ¥49,999

3

3.2%

8

9.4%

 

 ¥50,000 to ¥99,999

0

0.0%

1

1.2%

 

 ¥100,000 or more

1

1.1%

2

2.4%

 

 Don’t know

12

12.9%

13

15.3%

 

Region

 Hokkaido

5

5.4%

3

3.5%

0.714

 Tohoku

8

8.6%

8

9.4%

 

 Kanto

29

31.2%

28

32.9%

 

 Chubu

11

11.8%

15

17.6%

 

 Kansai/Kinki

21

22.6%

13

15.3%

 

 Chugoku

7

7.5%

6

7.1%

 

 Shikoku

5

5.4%

2

2.4%

 

 Kyushu/Okinawa

7

7.5%

10

11.8%

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