| Schizophrenia patients and PHQ-9 < 10 N = 93 | Schizophrenia patients and PHQ-9 ≥ 10 N = 85 |  | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Continuous Variables | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | P-value |
Age | 46.26 | 14.38 | 38.80 | 13.40 | <  0.001 |
Charlson Comorbidity Index | 0.59 | 3.48 | 0.51 | 2.00 | 0.843 |
Healthcare resource utilisation | |||||
 No. of physician visits in the past 6 months | 9.65 | 9.76 | 14.84 | 13.81 | 0.004 |
 No. of ER visits in the past 6 months | 0.14 | 0.95 | 0.11 | 0.44 | 0.764 |
 No. of hospitalizations in the past 6 months | 0.26 | 1.33 | 0.22 | 0.66 | 0.830 |
Categorical Variables | n | % | n | % | P-value |
Age group | |||||
 18–64 | 80 | 86.0% | 79 | 92.9% | 0.135 |
≥65 | 13 | 14.0% | 6 | 7.1% |  |
Gender | |||||
Male | 46 | 49.5% | 43 | 50.6% | 0.881 |
Female | 47 | 50.5% | 42 | 49.4% | Â |
Marital Status | |||||
 Married or living with partner | 35 | 37.6% | 17 | 20.0% | 0.010 |
 Not married/Decline to answer | 58 | 62.4% | 68 | 80.0% |  |
Level of Education | |||||
 University degree | 31 | 33.3% | 27 | 31.8% | 0.824 |
 Not/Decline to answer | 62 | 66.7% | 58 | 68.2% |  |
Employment Status | |||||
 Currently employed | 49 | 52.7% | 42 | 49.4% | 0.662 |
 Not | 44 | 47.3% | 43 | 50.6% |  |
Household Income | |||||
  < ¥3,000,000 | 38 | 40.9% | 32 | 37.6% | 0.665 |
 ¥3,000,000 to < ¥5,000,000 | 22 | 23.7% | 22 | 25.9% |  |
 ¥5,000,000 to < ¥8,000,000 | 15 | 16.1% | 9 | 10.6% |  |
 ¥8,000,000 or more | 9 | 9.7% | 9 | 10.6% |  |
 Decline to answer | 9 | 9.7% | 13 | 15.3% |  |
Body Mass Index | |||||
 Underweight (BMI < 18.5) | 13 | 14.0% | 8 | 9.4% | 0.679 |
 Normal (BMI ≥ 18.5 & < 25) | 45 | 48.4% | 48 | 56.5% |  |
 Overweight (BMI ≥ 25) | 31 | 33.3% | 26 | 30.6% |  |
 Decline to answer | 4 | 4.3% | 3 | 3.5% |  |
Smoking Status | |||||
 Never | 50 | 53.8% | 42 | 49.4% | 0.581 |
 Former | 22 | 23.7% | 18 | 21.2% |  |
 Current | 21 | 22.6% | 25 | 29.4% |  |
Alcohol Use | |||||
  ≤ once per week | 74 | 79.6% | 69 | 81.2% | 0.788 |
  ≥ 2–3 times per week | 19 | 20.4% | 16 | 18.8% |  |
Vigorous Exercise in Past 30 Days | |||||
 0–11 times | 78 | 83.9% | 73 | 85.9% | 0.709 |
  ≥ 12 times | 15 | 16.1% | 12 | 14.1% |  |
Insurance type | |||||
 National health insurance | 42 | 45.2% | 47 | 55.3% | 0.142 |
 Social insurance | 33 | 35.5% | 23 | 27.1% |  |
 Late stage elderly insurance | 6 | 6.5% | 1 | 1.2% |  |
 Other/No insurance | 12 | 12.9% | 14 | 16.5% |  |
Out of pocket payment for own prescription medications in an average month | |||||
 ¥0 | 16 | 17.2% | 19 | 22.4% | 0.093 |
 ¥1 to ¥999 | 18 | 19.4% | 7 | 8.2% |  |
 ¥1000 to ¥1999 | 15 | 16.1% | 6 | 7.1% |  |
 ¥2000 to ¥2999 | 6 | 6.5% | 10 | 11.8% |  |
 ¥3000 to ¥4999 | 11 | 11.8% | 13 | 15.3% |  |
 ¥5000 to ¥9999 | 11 | 11.8% | 6 | 7.1% |  |
 ¥10,000 to ¥49,999 | 3 | 3.2% | 8 | 9.4% |  |
 ¥50,000 to ¥99,999 | 0 | 0.0% | 1 | 1.2% |  |
 ¥100,000 or more | 1 | 1.1% | 2 | 2.4% |  |
 Don’t know | 12 | 12.9% | 13 | 15.3% |  |
Region | |||||
 Hokkaido | 5 | 5.4% | 3 | 3.5% | 0.714 |
 Tohoku | 8 | 8.6% | 8 | 9.4% |  |
 Kanto | 29 | 31.2% | 28 | 32.9% |  |
 Chubu | 11 | 11.8% | 15 | 17.6% |  |
 Kansai/Kinki | 21 | 22.6% | 13 | 15.3% |  |
 Chugoku | 7 | 7.5% | 6 | 7.1% |  |
 Shikoku | 5 | 5.4% | 2 | 2.4% |  |
 Kyushu/Okinawa | 7 | 7.5% | 10 | 11.8% |  |