The effect of individual counseling based on the GATHER principles on perceived stress and empowerment of the mothers with high-risk pregnancies: an experimental study

Table 2 Adjusted stress and empowerment scores and its dimensions in the control and intervention groups

Variable	Groups		P-value*	Effect size
Variable	Control Mean (SD)	Intervention Mean (SD)	P-value*	Effect size
Perceived stress
Before	26.79 (6.22)	26.60)5.86)	0.561	0.004
After	27.07 (5.80)	25.30 (4.95)	0.097	0.035
P-value^**	0.475	< 0.001
Empowerment
Before	82.81 (8.39)	60.08)23.18)	< 0.001	0.282
After	84.76)9.14)	88.75 (6.17)	< 0.001	0.181
P-value^**	0.008	< 0.001
Self-efficacy
Before	17.88 (3.52)	14.15 (3.708)	< 0.001	0.213
After	18.62 (3.86)	18.90 (2.28)	< 0.001	0.195
P-value^**	0.005	< 0.001
Future image
Before	17.12(2.14)	17.95 (2.39)	0.081	0.052
After	17.42 (2.29)	19.10 (2.01)	0.002	0.119
P-value^**	0.272	< 0.001
Self-esteem
Before	21.57(2.89)	17.35 (8.20)	0.006	0.114
After	21.86 (2.99)	22.65 (2.13)	0.008	0.107
P-value^**	0.369	0.002
Support and assurance from others
Before	12.50 (1.86)	12.26 (0.32)	0.726	0.002
After	12.40 (2.56)	13.30 (1.95)	0.031	0.059
P-value^**	0.715	< 0.001
Joy of an addition person to the family
Before	13.74 (1.25)	13.50 (2.06)	0.585	0.004
After	14.45 (1.64)	14.80 (1.36)	0.325	0.013
P-value^**	0.003	< 0.001

^* Analysis of Covariance, controlled for differences observed before intervention and confounding variables (number of hospitalizations in current pregnancy and participating in childbirth preparation class), ^** Paired-t test

ISSN: 1471-244X