UN Region/sub-regionb | Countries | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | % Change | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Africa | Ghana | 9.8 | 10.5 | 11.0 | 11.4 | 11.9 | 12.2 | 12.4 | 12.4 | 12.9 | 13.0 | 13.3 | 13.1 | 13.0 | 12.8 | 12.4 | 12.0 | 11.7 | 11.3 | 10.8 | 10.5 | 8.1% |
2 | Africa | Kenya | 15.8 | 14.7 | 13.9 | 13.2 | 12.2 | 12.9 | 12.7 | 13.0 | 12.8 | 12.1 | 11.9 | 11.8 | 11.7 | 11.6 | 11.1 | 10.6 | 10.5 | 10.6 | 11.0 | 11.0 | −30.4% |
3 | Africa | Malawi | 19.2 | 17.9 | 16.5 | 15.7 | 15.0 | 14.3 | 14.8 | 15.4 | 15.2 | 15.9 | 16.0 | 14.6 | 13.7 | 13.0 | 12.8 | 12.6 | 12.3 | 11.7 | 11.0 | 10.6 | −45.0% |
4 | Africa | Nigeria | 9.2 | 9.3 | 9.2 | 9.2 | 9.3 | 9.2 | 9.2 | 9.2 | 9.1 | 9.0 | 8.8 | 8.7 | 8.3 | 8.0 | 7.6 | 7.3 | 7.2 | 7.1 | 7.0 | 6.9 | −25.2% |
5 | Africa | Somalia | 16.8 | 16.5 | 16.6 | 16.6 | 16.8 | 16.6 | 16.2 | 15.9 | 16.0 | 16.0 | 15.4 | 15.3 | 15.3 | 15.2 | 15.2 | 15.0 | 14.8 | 14.9 | 14.8 | 14.7 | −12.6% |
6 | Africa | South Sudan | 7.9 | 7.4 | 7.3 | 7.3 | 7.2 | 7.1 | 7.1 | 7.0 | 6.9 | 6.7 | 6.6 | 6.6 | 6.7 | 6.5 | 6.2 | 6.4 | 6.5 | 6.4 | 6.7 | 6.7 | −15.2% |
7 | Africa | Sudan | 5.6 | 5.4 | 5.5 | 5.4 | 5.3 | 5.4 | 5.3 | 5.2 | 5.2 | 5.2 | 5.2 | 5.3 | 5.1 | 5.1 | 5.0 | 4.9 | 4.8 | 4.8 | 4.8 | 4.8 | −14.4% |
8 | Africa | Tanzania | 15.6 | 14.2 | 12.8 | 11.9 | 10.9 | 10.3 | 10.3 | 10.4 | 11.0 | 10.6 | 9.8 | 9.3 | 8.5 | 8.6 | 8.3 | 8.2 | 8.3 | 8.2 | 8.0 | 8.2 | −47.6% |
9 | Africa | Uganda | 21.7 | 21.1 | 20.5 | 20.4 | 20.5 | 20.8 | 20.2 | 17.7 | 16.1 | 15.5 | 14.6 | 14.5 | 13.2 | 12.4 | 11.4 | 11.0 | 11.1 | 10.3 | 10.3 | 10.5 | − 51.7% |
10 | Caribbean | Bahamas | 2.5 | 2.7 | 2.4 | 2.5 | 3.3 | 3.2 | 3.6 | 3.3 | 3.4 | 3.4 | 3.7 | 3.8 | 3.6 | 3.2 | 3.3 | 3.4 | 3.5 | 3.3 | 3.4 | 3.4 | 33.2% |
11 | Caribbean | Guyana | 35.8 | 39.9 | 39.8 | 38.1 | 37.3 | 35.6 | 35.0 | 35.1 | 33.7 | 36.3 | 36.4 | 35.3 | 37.6 | 40.7 | 39.5 | 39.3 | 39.7 | 39.9 | 40.4 | 40.9 | 14.3% |
12 | Caribbean | Saint Lucia | 8.1 | 8.1 | 7.4 | 7.7 | 7.3 | 7.4 | 7.7 | 7.2 | 7.9 | 7.0 | 7.6 | 6.9 | 8.2 | 7.7 | 8.2 | 7.9 | 6.7 | 7.1 | 7.1 | 6.9 | −15.2% |
13 | Oceania | Papua New Guinea | 2.8 | 3.0 | 3.0 | 3.1 | 3.2 | 3.2 | 3.2 | 3.3 | 3.3 | 3.2 | 3.3 | 3.3 | 3.5 | 3.4 | 3.6 | 3.7 | 3.6 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3.6 | 26.1% |
14 | Oceania | Tonga | 5.1 | 5.1 | 5.0 | 5.1 | 5.0 | 4.8 | 4.7 | 4.8 | 4.7 | 5.1 | 5.3 | 5.2 | 5.3 | 5.3 | 5.4 | 5.3 | 4.8 | 4.8 | 4.6 | 4.4 | −14.8% |
15 | Asia | Bangladesh | 6.9 | 6.5 | 6.1 | 5.8 | 5.6 | 5.6 | 5.6 | 5.5 | 5.3 | 5.1 | 4.8 | 4.3 | 4.0 | 3.8 | 3.7 | 3.6 | 3.6 | 3.7 | 3.8 | 3.9 | −44.0% |
16 | Asia | Pakistan | 11.1 | 11.2 | 11.3 | 11.3 | 11.2 | 11.0 | 11.0 | 10.7 | 10.5 | 10.3 | 10.2 | 10.0 | 10.0 | 10.0 | 10.0 | 10.0 | 10.0 | 10.0 | 9.8 | 9.8 | −12.0% |
17 | Asia | Brunei | 1.7 | 1.3 | 1.5 | 1.6 | 1.8 | 1.9 | 2.4 | 2.2 | 1.8 | 1.6 | 1.1 | 1.7 | 2.2 | 1.8 | 1.7 | 1.6 | 2.4 | 3.3 | 3.0 | 2.5 | 47.7% |
18 | Asia | Malaysia | 6.1 | 5.8 | 5.8 | 5.9 | 5.8 | 5.7 | 5.5 | 5.3 | 5.4 | 5.5 | 5.3 | 5.2 | 5.2 | 4.9 | 5.1 | 5.2 | 5.4 | 5.6 | 5.6 | 5.8 | −5.4% |
19 | Asia | Myanmar | 5.1 | 4.9 | 4.8 | 4.7 | 4.6 | 4.5 | 4.4 | 4.2 | 3.9 | 3.9 | 3.8 | 3.7 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3.4 | 3.3 | 3.3 | 3.1 | 3.0 | 3.0 | −42.4% |
20 | Asia | Qatar | 7.6 | 7.6 | 7.4 | 6.9 | 6.6 | 6.3 | 6.1 | 7.2 | 6.8 | 6.7 | 6.4 | 6.2 | 5.8 | 5.3 | 5.0 | 4.9 | 4.8 | 4.6 | 4.6 | 4.7 | −38.8% |
Mean score | 10.7 | 10.7 | 10.4 | 10.2 | 10.0 | 9.9 | 9.9 | 9.8 | 9.6 | 9.6 | 9.5 | 9.2 | 9.2 | 9.1 | 8.9 | 8.8 | 8.8 | 8.7 | 8.7 | 8.6 | |||
Standard Error | 1.83 | 1.95 | 1.93 | 1.85 | 1.80 | 1.74 | 1.70 | 1.68 | 1.61 | 1.72 | 1.72 | 1.66 | 1.73 | 1.87 | 1.81 | 1.80 | 1.81 | 1.81 | 1.83 | 1.85 | |||
Global | Global | 14.0 | 13.4 | 13.1 | 13.0 | 12.8 | 12.6 | 12.1 | 11.8 | 11.6 | 11.3 | 11.1 | 10.8 | 10.4 | 10.0 | 9.7 | 9.4 | 9.2 | 9.1 | 9.1 | 9.0 | −36.1% |