The benefits of psychosocial interventions for mental health in men who have sex with men living with HIV: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Table 2 Subgroup analyses of psychosocial interventions for depression

Subgroups	Studies, No.	Sample, No.	*SMD*	95% CI	I², %	P value for interaction
Mean age
<40 years	3	187	− 0.22	[− 0.73, 0.29]	66	0.67
>40 years	3	236	−0.35	[− 0.61, − 0.08]	0	0.67
Control group
TAU	2	135	−0.32	[− 0.66, 0.03]	0	0.12
Waiting list	1	44	−0.86	[−1.50, − 0.22]	NA^a
Placebo	3	244	−0.13	[− 0.42, 0.16]	20
%University or above
<70	2	143	0.03	[−0.30, 0.36]	0	0.03^b
>70	4	280	−0.42	[− 0.66, − 0.18]	0	0.03^b
%Employment
<50	2	117	−0.42	[− 0.76, − 0.08]	0	0.94
>50	2	140	−0.39	[−1.26, −0.49]	80	0.94
Frequency of session
≤ 10 sessions	3	210	−0.31	[−0.75, 0.14]	59	0.88
>10 sessions	3	213	−0.26	[− 0.58, 0.05]	20	0.88
Provider of intervention
Specialist	3	208	−0.19	[− 0.47, 0.08]	0	0.52
Non-specialist	3	215	−0.37	[−0.83, 0.09]	61	0.52
Form of intervention
Individual	1	39	−0.51	[−1.15, 0.13]	NA^a	0.45
Group	5	384	−0.25	[− 0.52,0.02]	40	0.45
Duration of one session
<2 h	2	109	−0.20	[− 0.72, 0.33]	45	0.70
>2 h	4	314	−0.32	[− 0.62, − 0.01]	42	0.70
Cognitive behavioral technique
Yes	3	184	−0.52	[− 0.82, − 0.22]	0	0.03^b
No	3	239	−0.07	[−0.33, 0.18]	0	0.03^b
Length of follow-up
<12 months	3	179	−0.47	[− 0.83, − 0.11]	24	0.15
≥ 12 months	3	244	−0.13	[−0.42, 0.16]	20	0.15

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