Skip to main content

Table 3 Associations of socioeconomic status variables with bullying and being bullied, the CASPIAN V study, logistic regression analysis

From: Socioeconomic inequality in violent behaviors, life dissatisfaction, and self-rated health in pediatric population: the CASPIAN-V study

Variable

Bullying

Being bullied

Crude model

Adjusted model*

Crude model

Adjusted model**

OR (95% CI)

P-value

OR (95% CI)

P-value

OR (95% CI)

P-value

OR (95% CI)

P-value

Sex

Girl

Reference

–

Reference

–

Reference

–

Reference

–

Boy

1.02 (0.95-1.09)

0.486

1.03 (0.95-1.10)

0.420

1.06 (0.98-1.15)

0.137

1.06 (0.97-1.15)

0.144

Living area

Urban

Reference

–

Reference

–

Reference

–

Reference

–

Rural

1.07 (0.99-1.15)

0.061

1.07 (0.99-1.16)

0.073

1.07 (0.98-1.17)

0.106

1.03 (0.94-1.13)

0.489

Family size

≤4

Reference

–

Reference

–

Reference

–

Reference

–

> 4

0.99 (0.93-1.06)

0.915

0.95 (0.84-1.08)

0.06

1.02 (0.94-1.11)

0.505

0.95 (0.86-1.04)

0.278

Maternal education level

College Degree

Reference

–

Reference

–

Reference

–

Reference

–

Diploma And Less

1.32 (1.18-1.49)

< 0.001*

1.46 (1.25-1.70)

< 0.001*

1.04 (0.91-1.19)

0.557

1.20 (1.01-1.43)

0.035*

Illiterate

1.55 (1.35-1.77)

< 0.001*

1.77 (1.45-2.16)

< 0.001*

1.32 (1.13-1.54)

< 0.001*

1.58 (1.26-1.98)

< 0.001*

Paternal education level

College Degree

Reference

–

Reference

–

Reference

–

Reference

–

Diploma And Less

1.16 (1.04-1.29)

0.005

1.01 (0.92-1.1)

0.80

1.26 (1.11-1.43)

< 0.001*

1.19 (1.03-1.38)

0.02*

Illiterate

1.07 (0.93-1.23)

0.315

1.05 (0.94-1.24)

0.38

1.15 (0.97-1.36)

0.089

0.81 (0.65-1.02)

0.09

Maternal occupation status

Employed

Reference

–

Reference

–

Reference

–

Reference

–

Unemployed

1.11 (1.00-1.24)

0.036*

0.89 (0.78-1.01)

0.082

0.92 (0.82-1.04)

0.223

0.82 (0.71-0.95)

0.010*

Paternal occupation status

Employed

Reference

–

Reference

–

Reference

–

Reference

–

Unemployed

1.00 (0.89-1.14)

0.881

0.92 (0.79-1.08)

0.344

0.89 (0.77-1.04)

0.151

0.9 (0.76-1.09)

0.16

Family composition

Two Parents

1.13 (0.97-1.31)

0.107

1.39 (1.13-1.71)

0.002*

1.28 (1.07-1.54)

0.007*

0.94 (0.75-1.19)

0.649

Single Parent

Reference

–

Reference

–

Reference

–

Reference

–

Family SES

Low

1.22 (1.12-1.33)

< 0.001*

1.21 (1.06-1.38)

0.004*

1.12 (1.01-1.24)

0.021*

1.14 (0.98-1.33)

0.076

Middle

1.10 (1.01-1.20)

0.021*

1.10 (1.00-1.22)

0.050

0.99 (0.89-1.10)

0.894

1.02 (0.91-1.15)

0.644

High

Reference

–

Reference

–

Reference

–

Reference

–

  1. OR Odds ratio, CI Confidence interval, SES Socioeconomic status.
  2. * a P-value below 0.05 was considered as statistically significant
  3. **In the adjusted model, all socioeconomic status variables and age are simultaneously in the model
Back to article page

BMC Psychiatry

ISSN: 1471-244X

Contact us