Table 1 Characteristics of included studies

Ammerman et al., 2021 [30]

USA

April 03 – 04, 2020

Online survey

Cross-sectional study

Amazon Mechanical Turk (mTurk) population

907

Mean (SD) 36.43 (11.02)

Male 511 (56.3);

Female 387 (42.6);

Trans-gender 4 (0.4); Preferred not to answer 5 (0.6)

Amazon Mechanical Turk (mTurk)

Bergmans and Larson 2021 [22]

USA

March 10th—October 31st, 2020

Electronic medical records

Retrospective cross-sectional study

Daily ED encounters for suicide attempts and intentional self-harm to the University of Michigan Health System

1348

Mean (SD)

27.9 (14.3)

Male 533 (39.5);

Female 815 (60.5);

NR

Carlin et al., 2021 [31]

Austria

March 16th—May 15th, 2020

Admission data at Trauma Resuscitation room of the Level 1 Trauma Center of the Medical University of Vienna-Austria

Retrospective cross-sectional study

Admissions to the level 1 Trauma Centre of the Medical University of Vienna

65

Mean (SD)

38.7 (12.2)

Male 17 (73.9);

Female 06 (26.1)

NR

Chiba et al., 2020 [32]

State of California, USA

March 20th—June 30th, 2020

Trauma registry of Los Angeles County and University of Southern California Medical Center

Retrospective cross-sectional study

Trauma admissions to the Los Angeles County and University of Southern California Medical Center

1,202

Median (IQR) 40 (27–57)

Male 927 (77.2)

Female 275 (22.8)

NR

Choudhury, 2020 [23]

India

March 24th—May 31st, 2020

Police records- Lucknow, India

Retrospective cross-sectional study

Suicidal deaths in Lucknow, India

59

NR

Male 33(55.9);

Female 26(44.4)

Business /self-employed 10(16.9%);

Daily wages worker 15(25.4%);

Govt. employee 3(5.0%);

Domestic help 9(15.2%);

Housewife 10(16.9%);

Farmer 4(6.7%);

Student 5(8.4%);

Health care worker 3(5.0%)

Daly et al., 2021[33]

Canada

May 14 – 29, 2020

Online survey

Cross-sectional study

Canadian adults

3000

Range 18 to 55 + 

Male 1460 (48.7);

Female 1519 (50.6);

Other 21 (0.7)

NR

Faust et al., 2021 [24]

USA

January—July 2020

Health Registry of Vital Records and Statistics

Cohort study

Suicide death data from the Massachusetts Department of Health Registry of Vital Records and Statistics

139

Mean 48.6

Male 105 (75.5);

Female 34 (24.5)

NR

Hill et al., 2021 [34]

Texas, USA

January to July 2020

Electronic health records data for suicide-risk screens of an emergency department in a major metropolitan area in Texas

Cross-sectional study

Youth aged 11 and older who presented to the ED within any of three connected pediatric hospitals for any presenting complaint

12,827

NR

Male 5257 (41%)

Female 7570 (59%)

NR

Holland et al., 2021 [35]

Japan

December 29th, 2019—October 10th, 2020

Centres for Disease Control and Prevention’s National Syndromic Surveillance Program

Cross-sectional study

Patients who visited USA Emergency Departments for mental health conditions, suicide attempts, all drug overdose, opioid overdose, intimate partner violence, and child abuse and neglect

1,872,945

NR

Female 1,013,585 (0.54); Male 859,360 (0.46)

NR

Isumi et al., 2021 [25]

Japan

March–May 2020

Public data on suicide statistics compiled by the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare

Cross-sectional study

Suicidal death among children and adolescents under 20 years of age

NR

NR

NR

NR

Mitchell & Li 2021 [26]

USA

March 10th—May 20th, 2020

Connecticut Office of the Chief Medical Examiner

Retrospective cohort study

Residents in Connecticut State

74

Mean (SD) 50.8 (18.5)

Male 55 (74.3); Female 19 (25.7)

NR

Nomura et al., 2021 [27]

Japan

January—September 2020

Monthly mortality data from the National Police Agency

Cross-sectional study

Suicidal deaths in Japan

15,066

NR

Male 10,239 (68);

Female 4827 (32)

NR

Ontiveros et al., 2021 [36]

USA

March–May, 2020

California Poison Control System database

Cross-sectional study

Calls received to the California Poison Control System regarding suicide attempts (suicidal ingestion)

5807

Range 12 to 70 + 

Male 2149 (37);

Female 3658 (63)

NR

Radeloff et al., 2021 [28]

German

January 1st—September 30th, 2020

City of Leipzig’s cause of death statistics

Cross-sectional study

Data on suicide events in a major city in Germany- Saxony

53

NR

NR

NR

Sakamoto et al., 2021 [29]

Japan

January—December 2020

National data on suicide deaths compiled by the National Police Agency

Cross-sectional study

National data of the number of individuals who died of suicide – Japan Self-employed-1019 (6%); Emplyed-5231 (31%); Student-1576 (9.4%); Unemployed-8095 (48%); Home maker-938 (5.6%) Occupational Data missing ( 935)

17,794

Range < 30 to ≥ 70

Male 11,779 (66.2);

Female 6015 (33.8)

NR

Sengupta et al., 2020 [37]

India

January 25- April 24, 2020

Inquest reports, bed head tickets, injury reports and other relevant documents. Information was gathered from the deceased’s close relatives, friends, police and other available persons

Cross-sectional study

Autopsies conducted in the Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Cooch Behar Government Medical College and Hospital

334

Range 11 to 70 + 

Male- 60 (54.5);

Female-50 (45.5)

Farmers- 12 (10.9%)

Labourer-16 (14.6%)

Service men-5 (4.5%)

Businessmen-12 (10.9%)

Stduents-10 (9.1%)

Housewives- 34 (30.9%)

Unemployed-16 (14.6%)

Unknown-5 (4.5%)

Shrestha et al., 2021 [39]

Nepal

March 24—June 23, 2020

The electronic medical records of a Hospital

Cross sectional study

Patients presented to the ED of Dhulikhel hospital-Kathmandu University Hospital (DH-KUH) -Nepal

55

Median (95% CI) 29.7 (26.2–33.3)

Male 21 (38.2);

Female 34 (61.8)

NR

Yeates et al., 2021 [38]

USA

January 1st—June 30th, 2020

Trauma Center Records

Cross-sectional study

Southern California trauma population

12,741

NR

NR

NR